Kajian Pengelolaan Lingkungan Daerah Resapan Air. Studi Kasus: Pengaruh Kinerja Artificial Recharge di Sub-DAS Ciesek, DAS Ciliwung, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

SYAMPADZI NURROH, Dr. Slamet Suprayogi, M.S.; Dr. R. Suharyadi, M.Sc

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Perumusan permasalahan penelitian sebagai tolak ukur dalam menentukan tujuan penelitian. Tujuan pertama dalam kajian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh kinerja artificial recharge untuk menurunkan laju aliran permukaan di daerah resapan air (salah satu Ekosistem DAS prioritas Sub-DAS Ciesek DAS Ciliwung); tujuan kedua, mengkaji pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat mengenai artificial recharge dalam upaya mitigasi terhadap perlindungan lingkungan hidup daerah resapan air; dan tujuan ketiga, merumuskan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan daerah resapan air. Kajian pengelolaan lingkungan daerah resapan air berhubungan dengan komponen abiotik, komponen ini dikaji dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif melalui model hidrologi; model pengharkatan; dan SIG dan penginderaan jauh, kajian kinerja aktual artificial recharge menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif melalui hubungan water balance dan kinerja potensial artificial recharge; Komponen biotik dikaji dengan menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif melalui observasi dan telaah literatur; dan Komponen kultural dikaji dengan menggunakan metode analisis desktiptif kualitatif melalui Indeks Kesediaan Masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis input strategi pengelolaan lingkungan daerah resapan air dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas recharge area di lokasi penelitian termasuk ke dalam kategori kondisi baik sebesar 4,34%; 43,36% kondisi normal alami; 34,26% kondisi mulai kritis; 16,97% agak kritis dan 1,07% sangat kritis. Persentase tersebut menghasilkan nilai koefisien runoff sebesar 0,14 atau 14% input presipitasi yang menjadi aliran permukaan dan perubahan cadangan airtanah sebesar 9% (400 mm). Kinerja aktual artificial recharge sebesar 9,1% (2013) dan 12% (2014) dan keseimbangan neraca air dengan total lahan terbangun 5,84% diperoleh evapotranspirasi (27%); runoff (14%); shallow infiltration (31%); dan deep infiltration (28%). Hasil analisis terhadap penilaian Indeks Kesediaan Masyarakat terkait upaya mitigasi dalam pembuatan artificial recharge diperoleh mutu B (66,07%) dengan kategori baik, dengan nilai tersebut dapat menjelaskan bahwa dukungan masyarakat terhadap kebijakan, program atau kegiatan pemerintah untuk ikut berpartisipasi. Berdasarkan kinerja aktual artificial recharge mampu menurunkan laju aliran permukaan sebesar 9-12%. Sintesis rumusan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan dengan pendekatan teknis melalui penambahan unit artificial recharge untuk menjaga keseimbangan neraca air dan menurunkan aliran permukaan dan pendekatan institusi adalah memberikan insentif dalam pembuatan artificial recharge sesuai kebutuhan di lokasi penelitian; memastikan perlindungan dan keberlanjutan kondisi kualitas recharge area yang baik dan memperhatikan konservasi tanah dan air pada kualitas mulai kritis kritis dan sangat kritis; dan memastikan kebijakan RTRW 2015-2030 Kabupaten Bogor sinergis dengan kebijakan nasional terkait kelestarian dan keberlanjutan lingkungan hidup di daerah resapan air.

The research have three purpose regarding environmental management of recharge area. The first purpose in study environmental management of recharge area is analyzed of impact artificial recharge of decreasing runoff in research area (one of priority watershed, Ciliwung Watershed, Indonesia) and also water balance within modified method; the second purpose is that analyzed of social component regarding knowledge and willingness society in mitigation for protection environment of recharge area; and the third purpose is that concept analyzed for strategic environmental of recharge area. Environmental management of recharge area are treating in regarding a-biotic component, this component is analyzed by quantitative description method of hydrology models; scoring method; and geography information system also remote sensing. Regarding to actual recharge artificial endorsement used to quantitative description method of water balance and potential recharge artificial potential. In regarding biotic component, this component is analyzed by qualitative description method of observation and journal reference. Regarding to social component, this component is analyzed by qualitative description method of Society Willingness Index. Based on input result of the analyzed for environmental management that conclusion are quality of recharge area in study area, classified in good nature category is 4,34%; 43,36% in normal nature; 34,26% in starting damaged; 16,97% in less damaged; and 1,07% in strong damaged. Those number of percent are effected regarding to runoff coefficient 0,14 which precipitation through is to be surface runoff (14%) and exchange of stored water is 9% (400 mm/year). Actual capable of artificial recharge is 9,1% or 50 mm (2013) and 12% or 78 mm (2014) regarding to total runoff volume and component of water balance through passed with impervious area (5,84%) spread to evapotranspiration (27%); runoff (14%); shallow infiltration (31%); and deep infiltration (28%). The results social component is analyzed by qualitative description method of Society Behalf Index was grade B (66,07%) within good category for knowledge and society of willingness in mitigation for protection environment of recharge area. This point of behalf index can describe how people in society can support and be participation in government program as well. The main of concept analyzing of strategic environmental recharge area can approach by technical method and institutional method, regarding to approach technical with increasing artificial recharge units and regarding to approach institutional method within given fund incentive by government program or corporate social responsibility in private sector for protection recharge area, environmental management in land and water conservation in starting damaged till Strong damaged of quality recharge area, this strategic is established for economic and ecology balance sustainability.

Kata Kunci : environmental management, recharge area, artificial recharge, water balance dan Runoff