Efektivitas Minuman Kombinasi Maltodekstrin dan Vitamin C terhadap Hitung Jenis Leukosit pada Atlet Sepak Bola Mahasiswa

SILVI LAILATUL M., Dr.rer.nat. dr. B.J. Istiti Kandarina; dr. Arta Farmawati, Ph.D

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang:Latihan fisik memicu respon imun, stres oksidatif, dan kerusakan jaringan yangmenyebabkan perubahan hitung jenis leukosit. Maltodekstrin menyediakan cadangan energi lebih tinggi dan membantu memperbaiki profil sistem imun. Vitamin C sebagai antioksidan melawan kerusakan jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas pemberian minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C terhadap hitung jenis leukosit setelah latihan. Metode:Jenis penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan within subject design. Subjek penelitian adalah 14 atlet sepak bola mahasiswa dari Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta eksklusi. Pemilihan subjekdengan purposive sampling. Subjek mendapat minuman kombinasi 15% maltodekstrin dan 250 mg vitamin C, 300 mL. Wash out selama 6 hari. Kemudian subjek diberi minuman plasebo (air putih 300 mL). Minuman diberikan 30 menit sebelum dan5 menit setelah latihan. Latihan berupa yoyo intermitten test dan lari bertahap hingga 80% HRmaks. Sampel darah diambil segera dan 30 menit setelah latihan. Hasil Penelitian:Pada pemberian minuman intervensi, sesaat hingga 30 menit setelah latihan, neutrofil naik (p=0,006), limfosit turun (p=0,015), monosit turun (p=0,000), dan eosinofil turun (p=0,613).Pada pemberian minuman plasebo, sesaat hingga 30 menit setelah latihan, neutrofil naik (p=0,359), limfosit turun (p=0,257), monosit turun (p=0,146), dan eosinofil naik (p=0,549). Neutrofil (p=0,003) dan monosit (p=0,003) berbeda signifikan antar kedua pemberian pada 30 menit setelah latihan. Pada pemberian minuman intervensi, 30 menit setelah latihan, limfosit dan monosit menurun signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan plasebo. Kesimpulan: Minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C berefek pada penurunan limfosit dan monosit 30 menit setelah latihan.

Backgrounds:The immune system changing affects the fitness. Exercise inducesthe immune responses, oxidative stress and tissue damage that alters leukocyte counts. Maltodextrin supplies higher energy reserves, that can improve the immune system profiles. Vitamin C as an antioxidant against tissue damage. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink on leukocyte differential count after exercise. Methods:This study wasquasi experimental with within subject design. Subjects were 14 collegiate football playersof State University of Yogyakarta and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were selected with a purposive sampling. Subjects received a combination of 15% maltodextrin and 250 mg of vitamin C beverage, 300 mL. Subjects did wash out for 6 days, then received placebo beverage (300 mL plain water). Subjects drank 30 minutes before and 5 minutes after physical exercise. Exercise loads were yoyo intermitten test and run gradually until 80 HRmaks. Blood samples were taken immediatelyand 30 minutes after exercise. Results:Inthe administration of intervention beverage, immediately to 30 minutes after exercise, neutrophils increased (p=0,006), lymphocytes decreased (p=0,015), monocytes decreased (p=0,000), and eosinophils decreased (p=0,613). In the administration of placebo beverage, immediately to 30 minutes after exercise, neutrophilsincreased (p=0,359),lymphocytes decreased (p=0,257), monocytes decreased(p=0,146), and eosinophils increased (p=0,549). Neutrophils (p=0,003) and monocyte (p=0,003) hadsignificant difference between both administration drink at 30 minutes after exercise. Lymphocyte and monocyte significantly decrease (p<0,05) at intervention than placebo. Conclutions: Maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink effect on the decreasing of lymphocyte and monocyte 30 minutes after exercise.

Kata Kunci : maltodekstrin, vitamin C, setelah latihan, hitung jenis leukosit