Analysis of River Flooding and Its Management, Case Study in Ploso Village, Demak, Central Java

YOHANES ARDHITYA, Prof. Dr. H. A. Sudibyakto, M.S.; Nanette C. Kingma, M.Sc.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Desa Ploso di Demak merupakan salah satu desa yang sering mengalami banjir sungai. Meskipun masyarakat Desa Ploso telah menerapkan usaha-usaha untuk mengatasi banjir, kurangnya koordinasi antar instansi pemerintah mengindikasikan bahwa pengelolaan banjir di Demak tidak komprehensif. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangan pendekatan-pendekatan untuk memperkuat dan meningkatkan pengelolaan banjir di Demak. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan analisis mengenai identifikasi dan estimasi bahaya banjir dan penilaian kepedulian masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai distribusi spasial banjir, purposive sampling digunakan untuk menentukan responden di desa, dan metode snowball digunakan untuk memilih responden dari instansi pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua bagian dari Dusun Kauman dan Kalitageh terkena banjir meskipun ada sebagian kecil dari dusun tersebut yang tidak terkena banjir. Masyarakat setempat memandang manageability banjir berdasarkan kemampuan mereka untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dan bahaya banjir sungai bagi mereka. Banjir mempengaruhi responden dalam bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, lingkungan, pekerjaan dan keuangan. Strategi koping yang diterapkan oleh responden dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi pra-banjir, selama banjir, dan pasca-banjir. Selain diaplikasikan di lingkungan pemukiman, strategi tersebut juga diterapkan pada lahan pertanian mereka. Usaha-Usaha Mitigasi dan Partisipasi Stakeholder adalah aspek pengelolaan banjir yang telah dikelola dengan baik oleh pemerintah; aspek Evakuasi dan aspek Regulasi cukup baik; dan Keterlibatan Masyarakat, Penilaian Risiko, Mitigasi, Sistem Peringatan, dan Kerjasama Regional kurang baik, dan karena itu, perlu ditingkatkan.

Ploso village in Demak is one among several villages that suffered frequent flooding throughout the year. Although people in Ploso have implemented strategy in order to cope with the flood, lack of coordination between government institutions indicate that the flood management in Demak is not comprehensive. The main objective of this research is to develop approaches for strengthening and improving river flooding management in Demak. Besides, this study also provide an analysis of hazard identification & estimation and some parts of community concern assessment. Participatory approach was used in order to gain information about flood spatial distribution, purposive sampling was applied to determine respondent in the village, and snowball method was carried out to choose respondent from government institutions. The results showed that almost all part of Kauman and Kalitageh sub-villages were flooded although there is a small part of the sub-villages that were not flooded. Local people perceive the manageability of river flooding based on their ability to do daily activities and the danger of river flooding for them and their family. Respondents are affected by the occurrences of river flooding in the matter of education, health, environment, employment and financial. Coping strategy implemented by respondents can be classified into pre-flood, during-flood, and after-flood strategies. Besides conducted in the settlement, most of the respondent also implemented coping strategy in their farmland. Mitigation measures and stakeholder participation are the aspect of river flooding management that have been managed strongly by the government; evacuation and regulation are moderately managed; and community involvement, risk assessment, mitigation options, warning system, and regional cooperation are weakly managed, and therefore, need to be improved.

Kata Kunci : Demak, Ploso, Participatory, River Flooding Management