PERBEDAAN PROPORSI STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 12-24 BULAN BERDASARKAN PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN POSYANDU DI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, PAPUA

YULIA NURADHA KARTOSIANA WASARAKA, Prof. dr. Sri Suparyati, Sp.AK, Ph.D; dr. Endy Prawirohartono, Sp.A(K), MPH

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Stunting adalah gangguan pertumbuhan linier yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai Z-score tinggi badan menurut usia (TB/U) kurang dari -2 standar deviasi (SD) berdasarkan standar World Health Organization. Indonesia merupakan negara kelima terbesar dengan anak stunted setelah India, Nigeria, Pakistan dan China. Pemanfaatan pelayanan posyandu merupakan salah satu determinan terjadinya stunting pada balita. Keaktifan balita ke posyandu sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap pemantauan status gizi. Memantau pertumbuhan balita di posyandu merupakan upaya untuk mendeteksi dini terjadinya gangguan pertumbuhan, sehingga dapat dilakukan pencegahan terjadinya balita stunting. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan proporsi stunting pada anak usia 12-24 bulan menurut pemanfaatan pelayanan posyandu. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian anak usia 12-24 bulan di Kabupaten Jayapura. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 313 anak. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square dan fisher exact karena data tidak terdistribusi normal. Hasil: Terdapat 19,8% anak yang tergolong stunting. Hasil analisis chi-square dan fisher exact menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna proporsi stunting berdasarkan pemanfaatan pelayanan posyandu (P>0,05). Namun, terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara stunting dengan kejadian ISPA (P=0,017) dan pengetahuan gizi ibu (P=0,025). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi stunting menurut pemanfaatan pelayanan posyandu.

Background: Stunting according to World Health Organization's standard is a linear growth failure identified by Z-score value of proportioned height by age (Body Height/Age) that less than -2 of standard deviation. Indonesia has the fifth largest number of stunted children in the world right after India, Nigeria, Pakistan and China. Posyandu service utilization is one of stunting determinants. Number of visits and the activity of infants in using Posyandu services will help the observation of children's health and nutrition status. Through thoroughly observation chronically malnourished and stunting could be earlier identified, thus the growth failure could be prevented. Objective: to identify the stunting proportion difference of 12-24 months children according to Posyandu services use. Methods: Study was conducted by using observational method and cross-sectional research design. Subjects of study are 12-24 month children in Jayapura Regency. Cluster random sampling method was used to identify 313 children as samples. Observation data was analyzed by using chi-square test and fisher exact test due to a not normally distributed population. Result: There are 19.8% samples identified as stunted children. Chi-square test and fisher exact test showed that there is no significant difference in stunting proportion according to Posyandu service utilization (P>0.05). Meanwhile there is significant difference between number of stunting and number of ISPA (P = 0.017) and mothers nutrition knowledge (P=0.025). Conclusion: There is not any difference in stunting number proportion according to Posyandu services utilization.

Kata Kunci : Stunting, pemanfaatan pelayanan posyandu, posyandu