KLASIFIKASI HABITAT MANGROVE DI KAWASAN TAMAN HUTAN RAYA NGURAH RAI BALI

I KOMANG TRI WIJAYA , Prof. Erny Poedjirahajoe, MP. ; Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, M.Sc

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Mangrove merupakan ekosistem unik yang dipengaruhi oleh keadaan habitatnya yaitu faktor biotik dan abiotik. Analisa terhadap faktor biotik dan abiotik diperlukan untuk menggambarkan kedekatan habitat di wilayah mangrove hasil rehabilitasi terhadap mengrove alami serta berlangsungnya perbaikan habitat mangrove di kawasan Tahura Ngurah Rai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membentuk relief komponen ekosistem serta ciri pembeda berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan dari masing-masing relief. Populasi penelitian meliputi hutan mangrove alami seluas 113,7ha, mangrove rehabilitasi seluas 28,8 ha dan mangrove alami terusik seluas 908,3ha. Pengambilan data di lapangan menggunakan metode transek kombinasi dengan plot ukur searah garis pantai, dengan intensitas sampling (IS) sebesar 0,06%, terdapat 20 transek dan 60 plot ukur. Kelompok (cluster) habitat dibuat berdasarkan jarak tandan (Euclidien Distance) dengan metode Complete Linkage. Kedekatan kondisi habitat dibahas berdasarkan hasil uji beda Kruskall-walis. Karakter dan ciri pembeda pada tiap relief diketahui melalui analisa komponen utama (PCA). Pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% perbedaan signifikan hanya ditemukan untuk veriabel kerapatan vegetasi sapihan (sig. 0,007), kepadatan plankton (sig. 0,001) dan intensitas cahaya (sig. 0,001). Pada jarak tandan 11,5 terbentuk 7 relief. Relief A dan B beranggotakan gabungan tipe mangrove sekaligus sebagai indikasi telah terjadi perbaikan habitat pada mangrove hasil rehabilitasi dalam kurun waktu 18 tahun. Relief C dan D merepresentasikan tipe mangrove hasil rehabilitasi sedangkan relief E, F dan G hanya beranggotakan plot dari mangrove alami. Analisis komponen utama (PCA) menunjukan bahwa salinitas, pH air dan cahaya menjadi component utama yang berpengaruh. Relief D memiliki kemiripan hanya dalam anggotanya dengan ciri salinitas, DO dan lumpur. Relief C, A dan B memiliki kemiripan dicirikan oleh faktor suhu dan pH tanah. Kedekatan relief G dengan relief F dan B dicirian oleh faktor fosfat dan intensitas cahaya. Serta relief E mirip dengan G dicirikan oleh keadaan nitrogen, pH air dan C-organik.

Mangroves is a unique ecosystem that influenced by habitat such as biotic and abiotic factors. The analysis of those factors has been done to ensure the habitat improvement process in planted mangrove forests and compare it to nature forest in Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park. The research established cluster of ecological unit as well as determined the principle component on each cluster based environment factors. The research was conducted in three type of mangrove i.e., nature forest (13,7ha), planted forest (28,8ha) and disturbed mangrove forest (908,3ha). Sampling intensity is determined at 0,06% from the total area and consist of 20 or 60 sampling plots. Line transect plot method was applied for data collection. Cluster created to find relief based on habitat similarity, which is been decided in certain distance using complete linkage method. The proximity of habitat furthermore discussed and elaborated according to Kruskall-walis test. Meanwhile, character and features of each relief is identified by principle component analysis (PCA). At the 95% level the significant difference was found in vegetation sapling density (sig. 0.007), plankton density (sig. 0.001) and light intensity (sig. 0.001). Seven reliefs was formed by cluster analysis. Relief A and B are consists of the combined types of mangrove as well as indicated improvements of habitat condition in planted area within 18 years. Relief C and D are represented of planted mangrove area and relief E, F, G are represented of natural forest. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that salinity, water pH and light intensity are principle components. Relief D does not have any resemblance character with other relief. Its dominant character is salinity, dissolved oxygen, and muddy dept. Relief A resembles to relief B and C, characterized by temperature and soil pH. The character of G is resembles to F and B, characterized by fosfat content and light intensity. Relief G is also resemblance to E characterized by water pH and organic carbon.

Kata Kunci : Habitat mangrove, Analisis Cluster, Analisis Komponen Utama.