MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEKOLAH LAPANG DALAM ADOPSI INOVASI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU PADI SAWAH PADA KOMUNITAS ETNIS PETANI DI DAERAH LAMPUNG

SLAMETO, Ir. F. Trisakti Haryadi, M.Si., Ph.D. dan Subejo, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Penelitian ini bertujuan: menganalisis efektifitas proses pembelajaran inovasi PTT padi sawah, menganalisis persepsi petani terhadap karakteristik inovasi PTT padi sawah, menganalisis adopsi inovasi PTT padi sawah, dan menganalisis pendapatan berkaitan adopsi inovasi PTT padi sawah pada petani etnis Lampung, etnis Bali, dan etnis Jawa di Lampung. Metode penelitian secara deskriptif, pendekatan penelitian mix method, dengan strategi eksplanatoris sekuensial. Metode pelaksanaan dengan survey pada petani peserta SLPTT padi sawah, pengambilan sampel secara random sebanyak 286 petani, dan 33 orang informan penelitian. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Lampung Barat, Lampung Selatan, dan Lampung Tengah. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, analisis perbedaan varians, dan analisis regresi model logit dan model linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, proses pembelajaran berlangsung melalui empat tahapan proses meliputi perhatian, pengingatan, pembentukan perilaku, dan motivasi. Terjadi perbedaan motivasi pada petani etnis Bali vs Jawa, petani etnis Jawa mempunyai motivasi paling tinggi. Penyuluh menjadi figur modeling utama yang diobservasi dan diperhatikan dalam pembelajaran, modeling alternatif adalah ketua kelompok tani, peneliti, petani pelopor dan tokoh masyarakat. Probabilitas terjadinya efektifitas proses pembelajaran observasional petani padi sawah dipengaruhi pendidikan, keyakinan kemampuan diri, tingkat keberanian untuk beresiko, tingkat intelegensia, harapan akan hasil, kompetensi modeling, peran kelompok tani. Persepsi petani terhadap karakteristik inovasi PTT padi sawah antar ketiga etnis berbeda nyata, petani etnis Bali mempunyai persepsi inovasi paling tinggi. Persepsi petani terhadap karakteristik inovasi PTT padi sawah dipengaruhi sikap terhadap perubahan, keberanian untuk beresiko, kompetensi modeling, status modeling, dan peran kelompok tani. Persepsi petani terhadap karakteristik inovasi PTT yang tinggi mempunyai kemungkinan yang lebih tinggi untuk tercapainya efektifitas proses pembelajaran PTT padi sawah. Adopsi inovasi PTT padi sawah antar ketiga etnis petani padi sawah sangat berbeda nyata. Petani dengan persepsi inovasi yang tinggi maka berpengaruh tinggi terhadap adopsi inovasi PTT padi sawah, demikian juga efektifitas proses pembelajaran yang tinggi pada petani akan berpengaruh pada meningkatnya adopsi inovasi PTT padi sawah. Pendapatan petani padi sawah di Lampung dipengaruhi adopsi inovasi. Petani dengan tingkat adopsi inovasi yang tinggi maka mempunyai pendapatan yang lebih tinggi.

This study aims: to analyze the effectiveness of the learning process of ICM paddy innovation, to analyze farmers' perceptions of the characteristics of ICM paddy innovation, to analyze of adoption of ICM paddy innovation, and to analyze paddy farmers income related the adoption of ICM paddy innovation on Lampung ethnic, Balinese and Javanese in Lampung. The research method is done descriptively, the research approach using mix method, with sequential explanatory strategy. The methods of conducting research with survey participants to the farmers of FS-ICM paddies toke random samples as many as 286 farmers, and 33 informants of the research. The determination of research location is by the purposive with consideration: (a) the areas as the center for rice production, (b) those getting the FS-ICM program of paddy and making the innovation adoption process to the ICM, (c) the areas where the farmers are spreading over with the studied ethnic communities (Lampung ethnic, Javanese and Balinese ones). The research sites were located in West Lampung, South Lampung, and Central Lampung. The data were analyzed descriptively, analysis of variance difference, and regression analysis using logit model and multiple linear regression models. The results showed that the learning process of the field school in the integrated crop management (FS-ICM) for paddy in Lampung ethnic farmers, Javanese, Balinese ones through 4 (four) stages of the process which includes the process of attention, retention, behavior production process, and motivation. Based on the four stages of the process, it is only at the stage of motivation among farmers of Balinese ones showing the significant differences vs. Java. The Javanese farmers have the highest motivation while the lowest ones are the Balinese farmers. The educator (extensioner) is being the main modeling figures that are observed and noted by three ethnic communities of rice farmers; alternative modeling is the chairman of the group of farmers, researchers, pioneer farmers and community leaders.. The probability of the effectiveness of the observational learning process is affected of education, self-efficacy, the level of courage to risk, the level of intelligence, hope for result, competency of modeling, role of farmer groups. Farmers' perceptions of Lampung ethnics, Javanese, Balinese ones on the characteristics of ICM innovation of paddy is different. Balinese farmers have the highest perception of innovation. Farmers' perceptions of the characteristics of ICM paddy innovation are influenced by toward change attitudes, the courage to risk, competency of modeling, status of modeling, and the role of farmer groups. Farmers with high of perceptions of the characteristics of innovation has a higher probability of achieving effective of ICM paddy learning process. Farmers with high perception of innovation, the effect on the adoption of ICM paddy innovations. The higher effectiveness of the learning process contributed to the increased adoption of ICM paddy innovation. Income of rice farmers are influenced by adoption of innovation.

Kata Kunci : proses pembelajaran, persepsi, SL, PTT padi sawah, adopsi, etnis Lampung-Jawa-Bali. / learning process, perception, FS, ICM of paddy, adoption, ethnic Lampung-Java-Bali.