KONSERVASI KOMUNITAS HUTAN CANDI BATUR BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA BULAKAN KABUPATEN PEMALANG
ISROWATI, Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto, M.S; Prof. Dr. M. Baiquni, M.A
2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu LingkunganHutan Candi Batur merupakan salah satu hutan yang dikonservasi oleh masyarakat berdasarkan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Kajian konservasi berbasis masyarakat dilakukan untuk menentukan strategi keberlanjutan Hutan Candi Batur. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji kondisi fisikokimia lingkungan, komposisi Hutan Candi Batur dan persepsi serta kearifan lokal masyarakat untuk konservasi hutan. Pengambilan sampel vegetasi menggunakan plot kuadrat sebanyak 13 plot dengan ukuran 20 m x 20 m untuk pohon, 10 m x 10 m untuk tiang, 5 m x 5 m untuk pancang dan 2 m x 2 m untuk semai diletakkan secara random sampling. Pengukuran debit aliran sungai di 3 titik lokasi pengamatan, sedangkan persepsi dan kearifan lokal menggunakan indept-interveview dari narasumber kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa parameter fisikokimia sesuai untuk vegetasi Hutan Candi Batur. Kandungan unsur hara makro yang terdiri atas N (0,72%), P (0,09%), C-Organik (6,26%) dan KTK (40,25 me/100g) tergolong tinggi. Hutan Candi Batur dapat dijadikan daerah resapan air. Komposisi vegetasi di Hutan Candi Batur tersusun atas 30 spesies dari 18 famili untuk tingkat pertumbuhan pohon dan permudaannya. Indeks keanekaragaman (2,74) tergolong sedang, dengan indeks kemerataan (0,80) tergolong tinggi. Tingkat pancang memiliki jumlah cacah individu dan kerapatan tertinggi dibanding tingkat semai. Jumlah spesies tingkat semai hanya ada 5 spesies. Vegetasi lantai hutan ditemukan 14 spesies dari 9 famili, dengan indeks keanekaragaman (2,57) tergolong sedang dengan indeks kemerataan sebesar 0,97. Manfaat Hutan Candi Batur menurut masyarakat yaitu sebagai tempat peresapan air, menyediakan biodiversitas dan pariwisata. Nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang ditemukan antara lain mitos, norma, larangan dan tradisi. Kearifan lokal merupakan bentuk konservasi hutan oleh masyarakat Bulakan. Strategi konservasi hutan berdasarkan analisis SWOT antara lain penanaman spesies lokal, pembentukan lembaga resmi, memperkuat nilai kearifan lokal, mempertahankan konservasi berbasis masyarakat, dan pengembangan program ekowisata.
Candi Batur Forest is one many forests which is conserved by communities based on local wisdom value. The study of community-based on conservation is done to determine the strategy to keep the continuity of Candi Batur Forest. The aims of this study are to examine the environmental physicochemical condition, the composition of Candi Batur Forest vegetation and the perception and local wisdom of the community to conserve forest. Vegetation sampling is using quadrate plots, 13 plots with a size of 20 x 20 m for trees, 10 m x 10 m to the pole, 5 x 5 m for the saplings and 2 x 2 m for seedlings placed in random sampling. River flow is measured at three points of the river, while the perceptions and local wisdom are examined by using in-depth interview method from key informants. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters is suitable for the vegetation of Candi Batur Forest. Macro nutrients that consists of N (0.72%), P (0.09%), C-Organic (6.26%) and KTK (40.25 me/100g) are classified in the high category. Candi Batur Forest can be used as a water catchment area. The composition of the Candi Batur Forest vegetation consists of 30 species, which are taken from 18 families of trees growth form and the regeneration stages. Diversity index (2.74) classified medium, with evenness index (0.80) is high. The saplings stage have higher the total number of individuals and have higher abundance than the seedling stage. The number of species at the seedling stage there are only 5 species. Forest floor vegetation consists of 14 species from 9 families, with a diversity index (2.57) classified medium with evenness index of 0.97. The benefit of Candi Batur Forest are as water catchment area, as biodiversity provider, and as local tourism object. The values of local wisdom founded in this research are in the form of myth, norm, prohibition and tradition. The local wisdom is the form of forest conservation done by Bulakan community. The strategy of forest conservation based on SWOT analysis are the planting of native species, makes official institutions, the reinforcing of local wisdom values, maintaining the community-based on conservation and the development of ecotourism program.
Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, Hutan Candi Batur, Kearifan Lokal, SWOT