STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI VEGETASI PENYUSUN KOMUNITAS HUTAN CENDANA (Santalum album L) PASCA PENEBANGAN SERTA PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DI TIMOR TENGAH UTARA

FRANSISCA X. S. LIO, Dr. Retno Peni Sancayaningsih, M.Sc; Prof. Dr. Su Ritohardoyo, M.A

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Gangguan yang terjadi pada komunitas hutan cendana (S. album L) berupa penebangan secara besar-besaran pada tahun 1996 menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan komposisi vegetasi penyusunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur dan komposisi vegetasi penyusun komunitas hutan cendana (S. album L) pasca penebangan, kondisi fisikokimia dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap hutan cendana (S. album L) dan hasil-hasil pertanian di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Di antara 24 kecamatan yang ada di Kab. TTU, Kec. Biboki Selatan dan Biboki Anleu memiliki jumlah cendana (S. album L) yang tumbuh alami terbanyak dan pernah dilakukan penebangan. Upaya rehabilitasi disertai dengan perilaku konservasi penting dilakukan agar hutan cendana tetap terjaga kelestariannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan cara membagi lokasi kajian vegetasi menjadi 3 zona berdasarkan ketinggian tempat yaitu Upland (656-730 m dpl), Middle (362-433 m dpl) dan Lowland (110-125 m dpl), serta masyarakat adalah pada keluarga yang bermukim dekat hutan. Data vegetasi dicuplik dari 20 plot ukuran 20mx20m untuk tegakan, dan 5 ulangan ukuran 1mx1m per plot untuk vegetasi lantai. Data fisikokimia berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, pH tanah dan intensitas cahaya di ukur di bawah dan di luar kanopi, N, P dan K total, serta Kapasitas Tukar Kation dicuplik pada plot yang telah ditentukan. Responden sebanyak 60 KK dan informasi diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga hutan cendana hanya tersusun atas 2 dan 3 strata dan dalam kondisi rusak karena luasnya gap kanopi yang terjadi. Sebanyak 68 jenis tumbuhan, 46 jenis,dan 21 jenis ditemukan di hutan cendana Upland, Middle dan Lowland. Vegetasi dominan dari 3 growth form pohon, sapling dan vegetasi lantai di Daerah Upland adalah Syzygium aqueum L., Bambusa sp., dan Poa trivialis L dengan NP 18,1; 29,5; dan 28,6. Di Daerah Middle adalah Musa paradiciaca., Ananas comosus Merr., dan Cyperus rotundus L., dengan Nilai Penting 31,3; 41,2; dan 33,5. Di Daerah Lowland adalah Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Kunth., Ricinus communis L., Poa trivialis L dengan NP 35,7; 45,8; dan 36,5. Indeks Keanekaragaman tergolong sedang dengan nilai 1,6; 1,7; dan 1,4. Indeks Kemerataan juga tergolong sedang dengan nilai 0,4 untuk ketiga lokasi. Indeks Similiaritas tergolong rendah yaitu < 50%. Hasil analisis aspek fisikokimia menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan kondisi ekologi cendana. Hasil analisis sosial ekonomi masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memiliki persepsi tinggi tentang hutan cendana yaitu sebesar 95 % di desa Oenaem dan 100% di desa Adat Tamkesi dan Nifutasi. Persepsi masyarakat tentang kerusakan hutan cendana tergolong tinggi yaitu sebesar 75% di di desa Oenaem, 90% dan 100% masyarakat memiliki persepsi sedang di desa Adat Tamkesi dan Nifutasi. Persepsi masyarakat tentang pencegahan terhadap kerusakan hutan cendana tergolong tinggi di desa Oenaem dan Adat Tamkesi yaitu sebesar 100% dan 90%, sedangkan di desa Nifutasi 80% masyarakat memiliki persepsi sedang. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa 100% masyarakat ketiga desa memiliki pengetahuan sedang dan persepsi tinggi sebesar 100% tentang manfaat hasil pertanian. Upaya rehabilitasi dan konservasi kondusif dilakukan mulai dari hutan cendana Daerah Middle¸diikuti Upland dan Lowland.

Disturbance that happened in Sandalwood forest communities such huge logging in 1996 led change the structure and vegetation composition that formed it. This study is aimed to examine structure and vegetation composition that formed sandalwood forest communities after logging, the physicochemical conditions and community perceptions of sandalwood forest and agricultural products in Timor Tengah Utara. Among the 24 districts in the North Central Timor Regency, South Biboki and Biboki Anleu sub-district have most amount sandalwood (S. album L) which grows naturally and ever logging. Rehabilitation effort along with conservation behavior is important to do in oerder to maintained sandalwood forest sustainability. Research carried out by dividing the vegetation study site into three zones based on elevation which are upland (656-730 m asl), middle (362-433 m asl), lowland (110-125 m asl) and community are families who live near the forest. Vegetation data from 20 sample plots with size of 20m x 20m to stand, and five replicates per plot with size of 1m x 1m for floor vegetation. Physicochemical data such as air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH and light intensity measured under and outside the canopy, N, P, K (availability) and Cation Exchange Capacity are sampled at plot that have been determined. Respondent are 60 household and the information is obtained using a questionnaire. Result shows that the three of sandalwood forest composed of only 2 and 3 strata and in damaged condition because the extent of canopy gap that is happened. Total number 68 species of plants, 46 species and 21 species found in sandalwood forest of Upland, Middle dan Lowland. Vegetation dominates based on three growth form are tree, sapling and floor vegetation in Upland area are Syzygium aqueum L., Bambusa sp., and Poa trivialis L with Importance Value 18.1; 29.5; and 28.6. In Middle are Musa paradisiaca., Ananas cosmosus Merr., and Cyperus rotundus L., with Importance Value 31.3; 41.2; and 33.5. In Lowland area are Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Kunth., Ricinus communis L., and Poa trivialis L with Importance Value 35.7; 45.8; and 36.5. Diversity Index classified medium with value of 1.6; 1.7; and 1.4. Evenness Index also classified medium with value 0.4 for all locations. Similiaritas index was low, less than 50%. Physicochemical aspects analysis result showed compliance with ecological conditions of sandalwood. The socio economic analysis result shows that the community has high perception to the sandalwood forest which is about 95% in Oenaem Village and 100% in Adat Tamkesi and Nifutasi Villages. The community perception of sandalwood forest damage classified high which is about 75% in Oenaem Village, however about 95% and 100% community that has medium perception of sandalwood forest damage located in Adat Tamkesi and Nifutasi Village. Community perception about prevention of sandalwood forest damage classified high located in Oenaem and Adat Tamkesi Villages about 100% and 90%, however community perception in Nifutasi Village classifed medium, which is about 80%. Analysis shows community have medium knowledge and high perception about agricultural product benefits. The analysis result also shows that the community perception in three analysis villages classified medium which are 100% and high perception about agricultural product benefit which are about 100%. Rehabilitation and conservation effort conducieve done start from sandalwood forest of Middle, followed by Upland and Lowland.

Kata Kunci : komunitas hutan cendana, aspek fisikokimia, persepsi masyarakat, rehabilitasi