IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI Staphylococcus aureus ISOLAT ASAL AYAM SERTA UJI PATOGENESITAS BERDASARKAN ADESI PADA SEL EPITEL BUKALIS

AGNES ANGGRAENI Y S, Prof. Dr. drh. Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia

2015 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang sering diisolasi dari ayam dengan lesi pada kaki atau persendian. Staphylococcus aureus pada ayam broiler dapat menyebabkan bumble foot, artritis, dan kepala bengkak yang mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi bagi peternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan karakterisasi Staphylococcus aureus serta mengetahui patogenesitas berdasarkan adesi pada sel epitel bukalis. Sebanyak 44 sampel swab kaki ayam terkena bumble foot, artritis, dan kepala bengkak diambil dari peternakan ayam broiler di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan pengecatan Gram, menanam bakteri pada mannitol salt agar (MSA), uji katalase, uji koagulase, uji clumping factor, dan uji voges-proskauer (VP). Karakterisasi meliputi pengamatan zona hemolisa pada plat agar darah (PAD), uji pigmen, uji hemaglutinasi, dan pertumbuhan koloni pada soft agar (SA). Uji patogenesitas dilakukan berdasarkan adesi Staphylococcus aureus pada sel epitel bukalis. Dari 44 sampel diperoleh 14 isolat Staphylococcus aureus. Semua isolat bersifat Gram positif, memfermentasi mannitol pada MSA, menunjukkan hasil positif pada uji katalase, koagulase, clumping factor, dan uji VP. Berdasarkan produksi hemolisin, 7 isolat Staphylococcus aureus memiliki sifat alfa-hemolisa (50%), 6 isolat beta-hemolisa (42,9%), dan 1 isolat gamma-hemolisa (7,1%). Berdasarkan produksi pigmen, 14 isolat Staphylococcus aureus menghasilkan pigmen berwarna putih (100%). Berdasarkan pertumbuhan koloni pada SA, 7 isolat menunjukkan koloni difus (50%), dan 7 isolat menunjukkan koloni kompak (50%). Berdasarkan uji adesi pada sel-sel epitel bukalis diketahui bahwa Staphylococcus aureus yang tumbuh kompak maupun difus pada SA mempunyai kemampuan beradesi rata-rata 17,5 bakteri/sel.

Staphylococcus aureus is bacteria that can be isolated from bumble foot, arthritis, and swollen head which may caused economical loss for the farmers. The purpose of this research were to identify and characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken and know the pathogenecity based on buccalis epithel cell adhesion. Forty-four swab samples were collected from chicken infected with bumble foot, arthritis, and swollen head from broiler farming in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Identification were performed with Gram staining, bacterial culture on mannitol salt agar (MSA), catalase, coagulase, clumping factor, and vogesproskauer (VP) tests. Characterization were included the examination of hemolytic zone on blood agar base, pigment production, hemaglutination test, and colony growth on soft agar (SA). Pathogenecity test was performed based on the adhesion of S. aureus to buccalis epithelial cells. Fourteen isolates were identified from total of 44 samples. All isolates showed characteristic of Gram positif, mannitol fermented on MSA, positif catalase, coagulase, clumping factor and VP tests. Based on hemolysin production revealed that 7 isolates of S. aureus were alpha-hemolytics (50%), 6 isolates betahemolytics (42,9%), and 1 isolate gamma-hemolytic (7,1%). Based on pigment production, all 14 isolates could produce white pigments (100%). Based on the colony growth on SA, 7 isolates showed diffuse colonies (50%) and 7 isolates compact colonies (50%). Staphylococcus aureus with diffuse as well as compact colonies in the SA could adhere on the epithelial cells for about 17,5 bacteria/cell.

Kata Kunci : Staphylococcus aureus, bumble foot, artritis, kepala bengkak, broiler, sel epitel.