HOMO LUDENS DALAM TALK SHOW BERTEMA POLITIK (Analisis Naratif atas Kontestasi dan Representasi Kepentingan Politis dalam Talk Show Kick Andy-MetroTV Tahun 2009)

MUHAMAD SULHAN, Prof. Dr. Heru Nugroho

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Sosiologi

Talk show sebagai program televisi memberikan nuansa unik terhadap dinamika komunikasi politik. Pembicaraan politik yang biasanya berlangsung serius akan berubah menjadi santai ketika dihadirkan dalam format talk show. Atas dasar itulah, penelitian ini melihat program talk show sebagai medium representasi kepentingan politik yang secara unik menegaskan adanya unsur permainan dalam setiap wacana kehidupan politik manusia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dinamika komunikasi politik yang dilakukan seseorang sebagai sosok manusia bermain (homo ludens) menurut Johan Huizinga. Objek penelitian ini adalah empat episode bertema politik (episode Tribute to Hoegeng, JK-Win Menjawab, Mega-Pro Menjawab, dan Keberanian Bernama Munir) yang ditayangkan talk show Kick Andy MetroTV pada tahun 2009. Melalui modifikasi metode analisis naratif atas fungsi-fungsi karakter, suara (sound), fokalisasi (focalisation), dan kohesi (cohesion) terhadap empat episode terpilih di atas, penelitian ini mengungkap bentuk-bentuk manifestasi manusia bermain (homo ludens) menurut Johan Huizinga. Kuatnya nuansa Tahun Politik (2009) menjelang pemilihan Presiden RI 2009-2014, membuat talk show membungkus beragam motif dan kepentingan para elit politik dengan format yang unik ala talk show. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beragam motif kontestasi yang termanifestasi dalam bahasa visual empat episode. Semangat kontestasi dalam mewacanakan berbagai kepentingan politik antara host (pengampu acara) dan guest (nara sumber) saling berkelindan dibungkus oleh dua aspek utama homo ludens yakni spontanitas dan ekspresifitas. Pada akhirnya upaya memenangkan kontestasi politis dihadirkan dalam dramaturgi performa diri sedemikian rupa sehingga merepresentasikan sosok diri ideal sesuai motif politis. Asumsi bahwa politik adalah permainan bisa dijelaskan dalam berbagai manifestasi dramaturgi dalam konsep footing, face, dan frame & genre, yang muncul baik disadari maupun tak disadari oleh setiap aktor politik yang terlibat dalam tayangan talk show.

Talk show has been a mean of communication strategy used by politicians. The program offers uniqueness in the process of political conversation. The serious nature of conversations on politic are presented as entertainment in talk show. This study aims to describe how talk show represent political interest through the element of play in human political discourse. The objects of this research were four among 48 episodes of Kick Andy Talk show in 2009, titled Tribute to Hoegeng, JK-Win Menjawab, Mega-Pro Menjawab, and Keberanian Bernama Munir. This research elaborates political conversations in these selected episodes as a manifestation of Homo Ludens, in reference to the perspective of Johan Huizinga. Through modification of narrative analysis, this study illustrates audio-visual as text. In context of President election issues in 2009-2014, the politicians develop dynamic strategies to win the competition, including that through live performances in talk show television programs such as Kick Andy-MetroTV. As a package, the program warps these issues in a unique format. This study analysis and elaborates motives of contestation for something (to be winner) and representation of something (to be ideal self) from guest and host in every episode. The contestation and representation was described by comprehensive analysis of segments, scenes, and shoots in each episodes. The analysis highlight elaborate meaning of spontaneity and expression by guest and host. In this study, Kick Andy talk show is understood as a dramaturgy of personalities by uses the footing, face, and frame & genre as a basic concept. A term subsequently used to understand the contradistinction to guests as stars: ordinary rather than extraordinary, an authentic rather than an unattainable image. Finally, this study offers findings and explanations on political conversation as a desire of play, or as the term used by Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens.

Kata Kunci : homo ludens, talk show, contestation, representation, host, guest, narrative.