ESTIMASI DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

AULIA EVI SUSANTI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Nono Ngadiyono, M.S. ; Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumadi, M.S.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika populasi sapi potong, out put ternak dan mengetahui produktivitas sapi potong di kabupaten Banyuasin, provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2014. Dilaksanakan di tiga kecamatan, tiap kecamatan diambil tiga desa sebagai sampel masing-masing bedasarkan tingkat kepadatan populasi yaitu populasi tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan metode survey. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan rata-rata dan standar deviasi, dinamika populasi dianalisis dengan time series, potensi sapi potong diestimasi dengan teori pemuliabiakan ternak, hubungan antara bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh dianalisis dengan regresi ganda menggunakan SPSS 20 metode stepwise, pendugaan bobot badan bedasarkan ukuran tubuh menggunakan rumus Schoorl, Djagra dan Lambourne,sedangkan hubungan antara bobot badan dan ukuran karkas dianalisis dengan regresi sederhana menggunakan SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata umur peternak 44,20 tahun, pendidikan peternak 60,55 SD, pengalaman beternak 6,19 tahun, tujuan pemeliharaan 90,10% untuk mendapatkan bibit, motif pemeliharaan 100% sebagai tabungan. Komposisi sapi potong jantan dan betina masing-masing 31,42% : 68,58% dengan sebagian besar dari bangsa sapi pesisir, rata-rata kepemilikan sapi per peternak 2,32 unit ternak, tingkat kelahiran 23,94% dan kematian sebesar 1,34% dari populasi, nilai efisiensi reproduksi sebesar 98,27%, natural increase 24,39%, net replacement rate jantan 143,26% dan betina 220,15% dan potensi sapi potong sebesar 24,30%. Dalam kurun waktu tahun 2009 sampai 2013 di Banyuasin mengalami kenaikan populasi dengan rata-rata sebesar 5,59 % atau 1.462 ekor mengikuti persamaan garis regresi Y= 26907 + 1426 (X), maka dapat diestimasi populasi sapi potong pada tahun 2014 sampai 2018 meningkat sebesar 4.10 % atau 1.397 ekor. Bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh sapi potong terdapat korelasi positif dengan rata-rata koefisien korelasi semua bangsa 0,90 dan koefisien determinasi 0,82. Pendugaan bobot badan menggunakan rumus yang paling mendekati adalah rumus Djagra. Persentase karkas sapi Pesisir jantan 48,81% pada umur >10 sampai 24 bulan dan 50,92% pada umur > 24 bulan, sedangkan pada betina 48,26 % pada umur >10 sampai 24 bulan dan 49,71% pada umur > 24 bulan.

The research aims to determine the population dynamics of beef cattle, output and determine the productivity of beef cattle in the Banyuasin regency of South Sumatra province. This research was conducted from July to October 2014.The research carried out in three sub districts, every taken by three villages as each sample based on the population density of the population is high, medium and low. The research was analitycal descriptive which was done by using the survey method. Data analyzed with a mean and standard deviation, population dynamics analyzed by time series, the potential for beef cattle estimated with the breeding livestock theory, the relationship between body weight and body size analyzed by multiple regression used SPSS 20 stepwise method, estimation of body weight based on the body size used Schoorl, Djagra and Lambourne formula, while the relationship between body weight and the size of the carcass analyzed by simple regression used SPSS 20. The results of research showed that mean old age the breeder was 44.20 year , breeder education showed 60.55 graduated of primary school, breeder experience was 6.19 year, breeder purposed was 90.16% for breeding with the breeding motivation for savings. The Composition of beef cattle in Banyuasin regency, male and female each 31.42%: 68.58% most of the pesisir cattle, mean of ownership of cattle each breeder 2.32 livestock unit, calving rate and mortality of cattle were 23.94 and 1,34% of the population, reproductive efficiency (RE) was 98.27%, natural increase was 24.39%, male net replacement rate 143.26% and female 220,15% and output of beef cattle 24.30%. In the period of 2009 up to 2013 increased 5,59% per year in average (1.462 heads) and following regression equation Y= 26907 + 1426 (X) so that could be estimated population of beef cattle in 2014 up to 2018 increased 4,10 % per year in average (1.397 heads). Body weight and body size beef cattle there was a positive correlation with the mean coefficient of 0.90 and a coefficient of determination of 0.82. Prediction of body weight used the formula was that formula Djagra. Percentage of carcass Pesisir male 48.81% > 10 to 24 months age and 50.92% > 24 months age, whereas in female 48.26% > 10 to 24 months age and 49.71% > 24 months age.

Kata Kunci : Dinamika populasi, Produktivitas, Sapi potong, Banyuasin / Population dynamics, Productivity, Beef cattle, Banyuasin