KOMUNITAS BURUNG DIURNAL PADA TIGA TIPE PEMANFAATAN LAHAN DI KOTAMOBAGU, SULAWESI UTARA

HEISTA FATRYANI, Drs. Bambang Agus Suripto, S.U., M.Sc.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Kota Kotamobagu merupakan bagian dari Pulau Sulawesi yang termasuk kawasan Wallacea. Kawasan ini menyimpan potensi kekayaan biodiversitas yang tinggi khususnya jenis burung sehingga penting untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis burung diurnal beserta statusnya, komposisi jenis meliputi tingkat keanekaragaman, kemerataan, densitas, frekuensi, dan komposisi jenis berdasarkan tipe pakan serta tingkat kemiripan antara tiga tipe pemanfaatan lahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 10 November setrip 2 Desember 2014 di Kota Kotamobagu Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, meliputi tiga tipe pemanfaatan lahan berupa daerah tertutup pepohonan, lahan terbuka dan pemukiman penduduk. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan dengan Purposive Sampling Method. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan metode point count atau IPA (Index Point of Abundance), didukung dengan metode jelajah dan dilengkapi dengan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan indeks diversitas Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan jenis Pielou, indeks similaritas Sorensen, dan Indeks Nilai Penting. Sebanyak 47 spesies berhasil diperoleh dan diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini, termasuk 5 spesies Appendix II, 5 spesies migran, 1 spesies invasif, 2 spesies alien, 6 spesies endemik, 1 spesies vulnerable, 2 spesies hama dan 10 spesies bermanfaat. Tingkat keanekaragaman dan kestabilan komunitas burung termasuk kategori sedang dengan nilai indeks Shannon-Wiener 2,29 dan tingkat kemerataan jenis termasuk sedang dengan nilai indeks Pielou 0,61. Nilai frekuensi relatif tertinggi 16,857% (Passer montanus Linnaeus 1758). Nilai densitas relatif tertinggi 26,479% (P. montanus). Terdapat perbedaan komposisi jenis yang cukup jauh antara ketiga tipe pemanfaatan lahan.

Kotamobagu is a part of Sulawesi Island which located in the Wallacea area. This area has great potential of high biodiversity, especially birds. So, it is important to be studied. Aims of this research are involves biodiversity level, evenness, density, frequency, and species determination based on feed composition and the degree of similarity between the three types of land using. This research was conducted on 10th November setrip 2nd December 2014 in Kota Kotamobagu, Sulawesi Utara Province where the three types of land using were choosen. There are in the form of tree-covered areas, open land and settlements. The sampling location was determined with Purposive Sampling Method. Sampling data of this study was used the point count method or IPA (Index Point of Abundance), supported by free-sampling method and literature study. The results were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Sorensen similarity index, and the important value index. Totally, there are 47 species was obtained and identified of this study which including 5 species of Appendix II, 5 species of migrants, 1 invasive species, 2 species of aliens, 6 endemic species, 1 vulnerable species, 2 species of pest and 10 beneficial species. The biodiversity level and stability of the community of birds was in medium category with a Shannon-Wiener index value of 2.29 and a moderate level of evenness including Pielou index value of 0.61. The highest relative frequency value is 16,857% (Passer montanus Linnaeus 1758). The highest relative density value is 26,479% (P. montanus). There are considerable differences between the three types of used land using.

Kata Kunci : biodiversity, Kotamobagu, diurnal bird, Wallacea, endemic