HUBUNGAN STRUKTUR ANATOMI DENGAN KETEGUHAN REKAT KAYU JATI PADA BEBERAPA KELAS UMUR DAN BONITA

NINDYA FERRTIKASARI, Prof. Ir.Tibertius Agus Prayitno, M.For., Ph.;Harry Praptoyo, S.Hut., M.P

2015 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Di Indonesia, kayu jati yang berasal dari Perum Perhutani dalam pengelolaannya berpedoman pada tabel WvW (Wolf von Wullfing) dibedakan berdasarkan kelas umur dan bonita. Perbedaan kelas umur dan bonita diduga mempengaruhi sifat kayu. Penelitian sifat anatomi terhadap sifat perekatan belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui interaksi dan hubungan faktor kelas umur dan bonita dari sifat anatomi dan sifat perekatan kayu jati. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor yaitu kelas umur (III, IV, dan V) dan bonita (3, 3,5, 4, dan 4,5). Pengujian terhadap sifat anatomi kayu meliputi perhitungan jumlah pembuluh per millimeter persegi dan proporsi sel (pembuluh, parenkim, jari-jari dan serabut) serta pengukuran diameter tangensial pembuluh. Pengujian sifat perekatan meliputi kadar air, berat jenis, keteguhan rekat dan persen kerusakan kayu. Metode analisis varians dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan sifat komposit kayu terhadap kelas umur dan bonita. Data hasil pengujian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dan diuji lanjut HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) Tukey pada taraf uji 99% dan 95%. Analisis regresi sederhana, multiregresi dan analisis korelasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel pengujian beserta hubungan fungsionalnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi kedua faktor tidak berpengaruh terhadap seluruh parameter pengujian. Faktor kelas umur berpengaruh sangat nyata proporsi sel parenkim dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap Kadar air dan jumlah pembuluh per millimeter persegi. Faktor bonita berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat jenis dan keteguhan rekat kayu. Hubungan sel serabut terhadap keteguhan rekat menghasilkan nilai koefisien korelasi bernilai positif yaitu 0,234 (P=0,170), semakin tinggi proporsi sel serabut semakin tinggi juga keteguhan rekat kayu. Hubungan sel parenkim -0,265 (P=0,118) dan - 0,149(P=0,384), semakin tinggi proporsi sel parenkim dan jari-jari keteguhan rekat semakin menurun. Hasil analisis multiregresi menunjukkan nilai r = 0,402, semakin banyak variabel anatomi yang diuji menghasilkan nilai korelasi yang semakin tinggi keteguhan rekatnya.

In Indonesia, teak wood that came from Perum Perhutani was organized based on WvW (Wolf von Wullfing) table, the quality of wood were separated by age class and site index. Different of age classes and site index factors could be influence to wood properties. Whereas the same research by using anatomical properties as reference is still uncommon. Thus, this research objective was to understand the interaction between age class and site index toward teak wood anatomical properties and bonding strength. This research was conducted by following completely randomized design with two factors, namely age class (III, IV, and V) and site index (3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5). Tests on anatomical properties were vessels amount per square millimeter, wood cells proportions (vessel, axial parenchyma, rays parenchyma, and fibers) and vessels tangential diameter measurements. Tests on wood bonding strength were water content, specific gravity, bonding strength and percentage of wood defects. Analysis of variance were conducted in order to know the effect on wood composite properties with age class and site index. Data results were analyzed using SPSS test and further analysis were tested using HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test of Tukey at level of 99% and 95%. Simple and multi regression were conducted in order to know the functional interaction between the test variables. This research result showed that there was not effect between age class and site index on the test parameter. Age class had significant effects on axial parenchyma proportion, water contents, and vessels amount per square millimeter. Site Indexs had significant effects on specific gravity and bonding strength. Positive value of correlation coefficient 0.234 (P=0.170) was show on the interaction between fibers cell proportion with wood bonding strength, which means with higher fibers cell proportion the wood bonding strength would be greater as well. However, axial parenchyma and rays parenchyma proportions showed negative value of correlation coefficient -0.265 (P=0.118) and -0.149 (P=0.384) toward wood bonding strength, which means with higher parenchyma proportions the wood bonding strength would diminish. Analysis of multi regression showed r value of 0.402 (P=0.354), which means with more variable of anatomical properties was test the correlation value of wood bonding strength would be higher.

Kata Kunci : jati, bonita, kelas umur, anatomi, keteguhan rekat