KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PERTANIAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN

ARI SUSANTO, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M. Sc.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Permasalahan Pangan masih menjadi perhatian utama dalam upaya pembangunan secara nasional maupun regional. Beberapa faktor berpotensi mengancam ketahanan pangan Kabupaten Sleman, seperti: penurunan jumlah rumah tangga pertanian, perkembangan kawasan perkotaan, serta fisiografis wilayah yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengukur tingkat ketahanan pangan pada rumah tangga pertanian, dan 2) menggambarkan strategi dari pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan oleh rumah tangga pertanian di Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel wilayah penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik pemilihan Sampel Gugus Bertahap berdasarkan fisiografis wilayah. Lokasi penelitian dan sampel rumah tangga pertanian masing-masing berada di: wilayah hamparan, Desa Selomartani (38% populasi); lereng Merapi, Desa Wukirsari (30% populasi); dan Prambanan, Desa Sambirejo (30% populasi). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan tabulasi silang, analisis Chi Square dan Korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil analisis dideskripsikan menggunakan informasi kondisi sosial, demografi dan ekonomi. Hasil menunjukan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga pertanian lebih tinggi di wilayah hamparan (60%) dibanding dengan wilayah lereng Merapi (58,82%) dan Prambanan (30%). Berdasarkan uji Chi Square, perbedaan tersebut tidak bergantung dengan kondisi fisiografis wilayah. Saat persediaan pangan rumah tangga pertanian di tiap wilayah tidak cukup, maka mereka akan mengimpor pangan sehingga pangan tetap stabil. Indikator ketersediaan dan stabilitas pangan memiliki hubungan negatif. Jika persediaan pangan dalam kondisi cukup dan stabil, maka tingkat ketahanan pangan akan semakin rendah. Kualitas pangan berhubungan positif yang cukup kuat dengan tingkat ketahanan pangan. Artinya pada rumah tangga pertanian finansial terbatas, mereka akan mengurangi konsumsi pangan dengan kualitas baik. Rumah tangga pertanian di tiap wilayah akan keluar dari kondisi sulit pangan dengan strategi yang sama, Dalam penyediaan pangan yaitu membeli, meminjam bahan pangan dari tetangga dan di wilayah lereng, menambah bahan pangan pokok dengan pangan alternatif (umbi-umbian). Saat mengakses pangan, rumah tangga pertanian memiliki strategi yaitu meningkatkan penghasilan dari pekerjaan sektor non pertanian, memilih bahan pangan murah, membatasi belanja, dan di wilayah lereng Prambanan memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan sebagai kebun pangan alternatif. Strategi dalam menyerap pangan saat kondisi sulit pangan, yaitu dengan memprioritaskan bahan pangan bergizi untuk anak, membatasi porsi makan, dan memilih bahan pangan tidak pada kualitas terbaik.

Food issues are still a major concern in development efforts nationally and regionally. Several factors were potentially threatening the food security of Sleman Regency, such as: a decrease in the number of agricultural households, the development of urban areas, as well as diverse physiographic area. This study aimed to 1) measure the level of food security in agricultural households, and 2) describe the fulfilment strategy of food needs by agricultural households in Sleman Regency. Sample of area in this study was determined using the technique of Phased Group sample selection based on the physiographic area. Place of the study and sample of agricultural households respectively were in: spread out area, Selomartani Village (38% of the population); the slopes of Merapi, Wukirsari Village (30% of the population); and Prambanan, Sambirejo Village (30% of the population). Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using cross tabulations, chi square analysis and Spearman Rank Correlation. The results of the analysis were described using the information of the social, demographic and economic condition. The results showed that food security of agricultural households in the spread out area was higher (60%) compared to the slopes of Merapi (58.82%) and Prambanan (30%). Based on Chi Square test, the difference did not depend on the physiographic conditions of the area. When the food supply of agricultural households in each area was not enough, then they would import the food so that the food remained stable. Indicators of the availability and stability of food had a negative relationship. If the supply of food was in sufficient and stable conditions, the level of food security would be lower. Food quality had pretty strong positive relation with the level of food security. This meant that in the limited financial agricultural households, they would reduce the consumption of food with good quality. Agricultural households in each area would come out from the scarce conditions of food with the same strategy in the food supply by buying, borrowing food from neighbors and in the slopes area, adding basic foodstuffs with alternative food (tubers). When accessing the food, agricultural households had a strategy by increasing the income of the non-agricultural sector employment, choosing low price foods, limiting shopping activity, and utilizing their yards as alternative food gardens especially in the slopes of Prambanan. Strategies in absorbing food when food was in scarce conditions was by prioritizing nutritious food for children, limiting eating portions, and choosing food which was not in the best quality.

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Ketahanan pangan, rumah tangga pertanian, strategi pemenuhan pangan, fisiografis wilayah, Sleman.