AMELIORASI TAPAK PASCA TAMBANG BATUBARA DENGAN POT ORGANIK DAN APLIKASI EKTOMIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI MERANTI (SOREA SELANICA)

MUTAKIM, Prof. Dr. Cahyono Agus D.K., M.Agr.Sc

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Tambang batubara mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan berupa lahan kritis pada tapak sebagai media tumbuh tanaman, sehingga perlu dilakukan rehabilitasi lahan yang rusak akibat oleh aktivitas manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki lahan kritis akibat aktivitas pertambangan batubara melalui aplikasi jamur ektomikoriza dan pemanfaatan pot organik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai meranti dalam percobaan rumah kaca. Penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan rancangan split plot pola faktorial 3 x 2 x 4. Tiga faktor pertama terdiri dari media tanah hutan alam sekunder (T1), hutan revegetasi (T2) dan ex open pit (T3). Dua faktor kedua terdiri dari tanpa inokulasi ektomikoriza (M0) dan inokulasi ektomikoriza (M1). Empat faktor ketiga terdiri dari tanpa pot organik (P0), Pot organik kotoran sapi (P1), pot organik kotoran ayam (P2), pot organik seresah daun (P3). Masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali ulangan. Peran ektomikoriza, pot organik dan tanah pasca tambang batubara diuji dengan mengukur tinggi semai, diameter semai, biomassa semai, laju fotosintesis semai. Seluruh data dianalisis dengan analisis varians (analysis of variance) dan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk yang berbeda nyata dengan tingkat signifikan 5%. Data analisis tanah berupa pH H2O, pH KCl, C-orgnaik, N-Total, KTK dengan membandingkan secara deskriptif hasil analisis tanah sebelum dilakukan penanaman dan sesudah dilakukan pemanenan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pot berbahan dasar organik meningkatkan pH H2O, pH KCl, C-organik, N-total, KTK. Pot organik secara signifikan meningkatkan rerata diameter semai dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa pot organik setelah 7 bulan penanaman. Pot organik kotoran sapi (P1) meningkatkan rerata diameter sebesar 17,61%, pot organik kotoran ayam (P2) sebesar 14,44%, pot organik seresah daun (P3) sebesar 14,08%. Pot organik belum berpengaruh nyata terhadap rerata tinggi dan laju fotosintesis semai, akan tetapi semai yang tidak diberi pot organik menunjukan gejala warna daun menguning dan layu. Inokulasi ektomikoriza belum berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat tanah dan pertumbuhan semai jika dibandingkan dengan yang tidak di inokulasi dengan ektomikoriza. Hal ini diduga ektomikoriza yang digunakan sudah tidak efektif sehingga tidak mampu menginfeksi akar semai.

Coal mining is one of main causes of environmental damage, resulting in critical land on the site as a plant growing medium. It brings a consequence, the necessity of land rehabilitation to restore the impact of human activities. This study was aimed to conduct rehabilitation on the degraded land as the result of coal mining activities through the application of ectomycorrhizal fungi and utilization of organic potting in order to improve meranti seedling growth in the greenhouse. It applied split plot factorial design 3 x 2 x 4. The first three factors were secondary natural forest soil media (T1), revegetation forest (T2) and ex open pit (T3). The second factor consisted of non-inoculated (M0) and ectomycorrhizal inoculated seedling (M1). The third factor consisted of non-organic potting (P0), cow dung organic pot (P1), chicken manure organic pot (P2), leaves litter organic pot (P3). Each treatment combination was repeated five times. Ectomycorrhizal, organic potting, and post coal mining sites were examined by measuring height, diameter, biomass, and photosynthetic rate of the seedlings. The entire data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, while those with significance level of 5% were analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Soil analysis of pH H2O, pH KCl, Organic-C, Total N, and CEC were performed by descriptively comparing the results of soil analysis before planting and after harvesting. The results showed that the organic potting increased pH H2O, pH KCl, Organic-C, Total N, and CEC. Organic potting significantly improved the mean diameter of seedlings compared with treatment without organic pot after 7 (seven) months planting. Cow dung organic pot (P1) increased the mean diameter of 17.61%, chicken manure organic pot (P2) of 14.44%, leaves litter organic pot (P3) of 14.08%. Organic potting, however, insignificantly affected the average height and photosynthesis rate of seedlings, although seedlings in non-organic pot were indicated by leaf yellowing and wilting. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation insignificantly affects the soil nature and seedling growth, compared to non-inoculated seedlings. It is estimated that ectomycorrhizal inoculated in the seedlings were ineffective and unable to infect the seedling roots.

Kata Kunci : Tambang batubara, ektomikoriza, pot organik, semai meranti