PENGARUH JENIS KELAMIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERSENTASE KARKAS SAPI AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL CROSS

RATIH SUBEKTI, Prof.Ir. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, M.Sc., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. Ir. Ali Agus, DEA., DAA

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap pertumbuhan dan persentase karkas sapi Australian Commercial Cross (ACC). Sebanyak 103 ekor sapi ACC jantan (steer) dan betina (heifer) berumur 13-16 bulan dengan bobot badan awal 300-350 kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pakan berupa cacahan rumput raja, jerami dan konsentrat. Pemeliharaan ternak dilakukan selama 157 hari. Data yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, konsumsi bahan kering, konversi pakan, skor kondisi tubuh, bobot badan awal, bobot badan akhir, gain, pertambahan bobot badan harian absolut dan relatif, bobot potong, bobot karkas dan persentase karkas. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah (one way analysis of variance). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor kondisi tubuh, gain, pertambahan bobot badan harian absolut dan relatif, konsumsi bahan kering dan konversi pakan, berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) dan bobot potong berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antara steer dan heifer, sedangkan bobot dan persentase karkas tidak menunjukkan perbedaan. Konsumsi bahan kering steer dan heifer adalah 9,80±0,56 dan 10,70±0,72 kg/ekor/hari, skor kondisi tubuh sapi steer 2,81± 0,39 dan heifer 3,08±0,56, serta konversi pakan steer dan heifer berturut-turut adalah 7,52±0,96 dan 8,78±1,65. Gain, pertambahan bobot badan harian absolut dan relatif pada steer berturut-turut adalah 167,21±23,16 kg; 1,33±0,18 kg/ekor/hari dan 0,42±0,06%, sedangkan pada heifer adalah 149,05±32,43 kg; 1,19±0,26 kg/ekor/hari dan 0,34±0,09%. Bobot potong steer dan heifer berturut-turut adalah 483,55±32,81 dan 509,06±37,43 kg, persentase karkas steer 50,79±1,66% dan persentase karkas sapi heifer 49,87±2,37%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa steer mempunyai bobot dan persentase karkas yang sama dengan heifer. Heifer mempunyai konsumsi bahan kering, skor kondisi tubuh, bobot badan awal, bobot badan akhir dan bobot potong yang lebih baik dibandingkan steer, sebaliknya steer mempunyai gain, pertambahan bobot badan harian absolut dan relatif serta efisiensi pakan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan heifer. (Kata kunci: Jenis kelamin, Pertumbuhan, Persentase karkas, Sapi Australian Commercial Cross)

The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of sex differences on the growth and dressing percentages of Australian Commercial Cross cattle. One hundred and three heads of steer and heifer of Australian Commercial Cross (ACC), aged at 13-16 months old and 300-350 kg of initial body weight were used in this study. Feed were consisted of green chopped of King Grass, rice straw and concentrate. Steer and heifer were fattened for 157 days. The data collected were feed intakes, dry matter intakes, feed conversion, body condition score, initial body weight, final body weight, gain, absolute and relative average daily gain, slaughtered weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage. One way analysis of variance was used to identify mean differences. The result of the study indicated that body condition score, gain, absolute and relative average daily gain, dry matter intakes and feed conversion were significantly differs (P<0.01), slaughtered weight was differ (P<0.05) between steer and heifer, however, carcass weight and dressing percentage did not significantly differs. Dry matter intakes of steer and heifer was 9.80±0.56 and 10.70±0.72 kg/head/day, respectively, while body condition score of steer was 2.81±0.39 and 3.08±0.56 for heifer, feed conversion of steer and heifer was 7.52±0.96 and 8.78±1.65, respectively. Gain, absolute and relative average daily gain of steer was 167.21±23.16 kg; 1.33 ± 0.18 kg/head/day and 0.42±0.06%, while for heifer was 149.05±32.43 kg; 1.19±0.26 kg/head/day and 0.34±0.09%, respectively. Slaughtered weight of steer and heifer was 483.55±32.81 and 509.06±37.43 kg, while dressing percentage was 50.79±1.66% for steer and 49.87±2.37% for heifer. It is concluded that steer and heifer had a similar slaughtered weight and dressing percentages. Heifer had better body condition score, initial body weight, final body weight and slaughtered weight than steer, in contrast, steer had higher gain, absolute and relative average daily gain, dry matter intakes and had better feed efficiency than heifer. (Keywords: Sex, Growth, Dressing percentages, Australian Commercial Cross cattle).

Kata Kunci : jenis kelamin, pertumbuhan, persentase karkas, sapi australian commercial cross