Perbedaan Emotional Eating dan Pola Makan pada Remaja dengan Status Gizi Kurus, Normal, dan Overweight di SMA Negeri Kota Yogyakarta

SITI BUDI UTAMI, Prof. Kwartarini Wahyu Yuniarti, M.Med.Sc., Ph.D.; Martalena Purba, MCN., Ph.D.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

BackgroundEmotional eating is a condition whennegative emotions affect eating behavior. Negative emotions such as perceivedstress, worries, anxiety, confusion and depression,are sometimesassociated with higher intake of fat and sugar. If this behavior occurs continuously, it will have impact on weight gain and lead to obesity. In Yogyakarta obesity is still being a (serious) problem. One of the risk factors of obesity in this population is dietary pattern. From this statement, we need to explore the relationship between emotional eating, dietary pattern, and nutritional status in this population. ObjectiveTo know the differences of emotional eating and dietary pattern between adolescents with thin, normal and overweight nutritional status in Publlic Senior High School of Yogyakarta Method: emotional eating, diet and nutritional status was observed at the same time by the cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in 770 students of the public senior high school Yogyakarta. Nutritional statuswas measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), emotional eating was measured by Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) and dietary pattern was measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Result: The prevalence of thin adolescents was 4.9%, and the prevalence of overweight was 19.1%. In emotional eating subscales, there were significant differences of EES-UNS in the nutritional status categories of girl (p=0.033), EES-DEP in the nutritional status categories of boy, and (p=0.015) and EESHappy in both of boy and girl nutritional status categories (p=0.017; p=0.049). In dietary pattern, there were significant differences of sweet-snack consumption in the nutritional status categories of girl (p=0.033), Conclusion: Emotional eating and dietary pattern were found different in three categories of nutritional status and by gender. Therefore, we need to suggest an after school program that might be able to divert negative emotional changes in adolescence such as sports and theater activity. Key word: emotional eating, dietary pattern, body

Latar belakang: emotional eating adalah kondisi dimana emosi negatif berpengaruh terhadap perilaku makan. Emosi negatif sering dihubungkan dengan peningkatan asupan lemak dan gula. Jika terjadi terus menerus perilaku ini berdampak pada peningkatan berat badan seiring juga dengan peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh, kea rah obesitas. Dengan tingginya prevalensi obesitas pada remaja Yogyakarta, dan salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah pola makan. maka perlu ditelusuri apakah hal tersebut berkaitan dengan perilaku emotional eating pada populasi tersebut. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan emotional eating dan pola makan pada remaja dengan status gizi kurus, normal dan overweight di SMA Negeri Kota Yogyakarta Metode: emotional eating, pola makan dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) diobservasi pada saat yang bersamaan dengan desain crossectional pada 770 siswa SMA Kota Yogyakarta. Pengukuran IMT dilakukan secara langsung, sedangkan Emotional Eating Scale for children and adolescents (EES-C) dan pola makan akan diukur menggunakan Food Frequency Questionaire yang diisi sendiri oleh siswa. Hasil: Prevalensi remaja kurus di SMA negeri di Kota Yogyakarta sebesar 4.9%, dan overweight sebesar 19.1%. Pada sub skala emotional eating, EES-UNS berbeda secara signifikan pada kategori status gizi perempuan. EES-DEP berbeda pada laki-laki. EES-Senang ditemukan berbeda perempuan maupun pada lakilaki. Pada pola makan hanya ditemukan berbeda signifikan pada pola makan snack manis pada perempuan. Kesimpulan: Emotional eating ditemukan berbeda pada ketiga kategori status gizi, hal tersebut juga berbeda berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Oleh karena itu diperlukan program ekstrakurikuler yang mampu mengalihkan perubahan emosi negatif pada remaja misalnya olahraga dan teater.

Kata Kunci : emotional eating, pola makan, Indeks Massa Tubuh, remaja