STUDI VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE Aedes aegypti DI WILAYAH KOTA JAYAPURA PROVINSI PAPUA

ALGRETZ SALAMAHU, dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc, PhD; Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU; Prof. Dr. Damar Tri Boewono, MS.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar belakang: DBD di Kota Jayapura terjadi di 9 kelurahan, 6 diantaranya di Distrik Jayapura Utara dan Jayapura Selatan. Kasus DBD tahun 2012 berjumlah 29 kasus, dan meningkat 27,5 % pada 2013. Aplikasi thermal fogging dan larvasida dilakukan sejak kasus DBD pertama di Kota Jayapura tahun 1979, kemudian pada kejadian luar biasa tahun 1993. Tujuan: Mengetahui indeks jarak kasus DBD, mengetahui angka bebas jentik dan Ovitrap index, status kerentanan nyamuk Ae.aegypti terhadap insektisida malation dan sipermetrin serta jentik Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos. Metode: Jenis Penelitian adalah observasional analitik, dengan rancangan cross sectional study.Pengambilan sampel di semua lokasi kasus dengan teknik purposive sampling.Variabel terikat adalah status kerentanan Ae.aegypti, sedangkan variabel bebas adalah Indeks jarak kasus DBD, angka bebas jentik dan ovitrap index. Uji regresi linier dan probit digunakan untuk menentukan status kerentanan jentik Ae. Aegypti. Hasil: Indeks jarak kasus 0-100 meter tahun 2012 sebesar 24,19% dan tahun 2013; 12,5%, sedangkan jarak 101 - >300 meter tahun 2012 sebesar 75,86 % dan tahun 2013; 87,5%. Angka bebas jentik rata-rata 47,25% dan ovitrap index 55,37%. Kematian nyamuk Ae.aegypti dari kelurahan di Distrik Jayapura Utara dan Jayapura Selatan terhadap malation bervariasi, dari 46%, 51%, 87% dan 88%, sedangkan terhadap sipermetrin, masing-masing 77%, 85%, dan 98%. Uji kerentanan menunjukkan kematian jentik Ae.aegypti terhadap temefos yaitu 88,75% dan 96,25% pada konsentrasi 0,0310 dan 073 mg/lt, serta 100 % pada 0,02 mg/lt. Kesimpulan: Indeks jarak kasus sesuai perilaku nyamuk Ae.aegypti tahun 2012 sebesar 24,19% dan tahun 2013; 12,5%. Angka bebas jentik di semua kelurahan tidak memenuhi standar karena <95%. Selain itu, ovitrap index pada level 4 menunjukkan perlu dilakukan pengendalian vektor DBD Ae.aegypti. Nyamuk Ae.aegypti dari beberapa kelurahan di Distrik Jayapura Utara dan Jayapura Selatan resisten terhadap malation maupun sipermetrin, sedangkan jentik Ae.aegypti toleran terhadap temefos.

Background: There are 9 dengue fever urban villages in Jayapura, 6 of them in North Jayapura and South Jayapura Districts. Dengue fever cases in 2012 were 29 cases, and increased by 27,5 % in 2013. Thermal fogging and larvicide applications have been performed since the first dengue fever case in Jayapura in 1979, then in the 1993 outbreak. Purpose: To discover dengue fever case distance index, larva free index and Ovitrap index, susceptibility status of Ae.aegypti mosquitoes to malathion and cypermethrin insecticides and Ae. aegypti larvae to temephos. Method: The research type was analytic observational with cross sectional study design. Sampling in all case locations used purposive sampling technique. Dependent variable was susceptibility status of Ae.aegypti, while independent variables were dengue fever case distance index, larva free index and ovitrap index. Linear regression and probit tests were used to determine the susceptibility status of Ae. Aegypti larvae. Result: 0-100 meter case distance index in 2012 was 24,19% and in 2013; 12,5%, while 101 - >300 meter in 2012 was 75,86 % and in 2013; 87,5%. Average larva free index was 47,25% and ovitrap index was 55,37%. Deaths of Ae.aegypti mosquitoes in urban villages in North Jayapura and South Jayapura Districts due to malathion varied, from 46%, 51%, 87% to 88%, while due to cypermethrin were 77%, 85%, and 98%. Susceptibility test showed that death of Ae.aegypti larvae due to temephos were 88,75% and 96,25% at 0,0310 and 073 mg/lt concentrations, and 100 % at 0,02 mg/lt. Conclusion: Case distance index consistent with the behaviors of Ae.aegypti mosquitoes in 2012 was 24,19% and in 2013; 12,5%. Larva free indices in all urban villages were substandard because they’re <95%. Moreover, ovitrap index at level 4 showed that there should be Ae.aegypti dengue fever vector control. Ae.aegypti mosquitoes in several urban villages in North Jayapura and South Jayapura District were resistant to malathion and cypermethrin, while Ae.aegypti larvae were tolerant to temephos.

Kata Kunci : Ae. aegypti, DBD, indeks jarak, status kerentanan, Jayapura