PEMETAAN KASUS DIABETES MELLITUS DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN TAHUN 2009-2013
FEBRIANTI, Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, Dr.PH
2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: Penggunaan spasial dipakai untuk mengetahui lokasi geografis penderita diabetes mellitus guna meningkatkan perawatan diabetes bagi penduduk miskin sehingga kebutuhan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan terpenuhi, spasial juga berguna untuk intervensi, perencanaan, pengembangan kebijakan berbasis masyarakat, mengindentifikasi trend tingkat lokal dan meningkatkan akses terhadap jarak pelayanan kesehatan. Kasus DM di Kabupaten Sleman tahun 2009-2013 cenderung meningkat, tahun 2009 (3359 kasus), 2010 (2025 kasus), 2011 (2214 kasus), 2012 (3429 kasus), dan 2013 (3741 kasus), sedangkan jumlah penduduk miskin cenderung menurun. Tujuan: Memetakan trend distribusi kasus diabetes mellitus 2009-2013 berdasarkan kelompok umur, mengetahui hubungan persentase penduduk miskin dengan kasus DM, dan menganalisis aksessibilitas (distribusi puskesmas, waktu dan jarak tempuh) di Kabupaten Sleman Metode: Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional, mempelajari distribusi kasus diabetes mellitus dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis (SIG) di Kabupaten Sleman. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah seluruh kasus baru DM di Kabupaten Sleman dari tahun 2009 sampai 2013. Analisis spasial bertujuan untuk melihat trend dan pola distribusi kasus DM. Hasil: Trend kasus DM tahun 2009-2013 cenderung meningkat, angka kesakitan DM per 1000 penduduk tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Berbah, persebaran DM berdasarkan kelompok umur tertinggi adalah 45-54 tahun, 55-59 tahun dan 60-69 tahun, namun penderita diabetes mellitus juga sudah ada pada kelompok umur 1 bulan- 1 tahun. Jumlah penduduk miskin cenderung menurun, namun didapatkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi bermakna antar kasus DM dengan jumlah penduduk miskin. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa distribusi puskesmas disemua wilayah menyebar dan merata, jarak permukiman terhadap puskesmas terjauh berkisar 10 km sehingga waktu tempuh sekitar 20-30 menit dengan kecepatan 20 km/jam. Kesimpulan: Kasus diabetes mellitus di Kab. Sleman cenderung meningkat, sedangkan jumlah penduduk miskin menurun, distribusi puskesmas tersebar merata, jarak dan waktu tempuh cukup dekat, mudah dan terjangkau. Perlu ditingkat promosi, perawatan, tenaga, fasilitas kesehatan, transportasi dan sarana jalan yang baik. Kata Kunci: diabetes mellitus, penduduk miskin, aksessibilitas, sistem informasi geografis.
Background: Spatial mapping is used to knowing the geographic location of diabetes mellitus sufferer to increase the treatment for poor population therefore thri need on health service is fulfilled, spatial mapping is also used for in tervention, planning, policy making based on community, to identify the trend in local level and to in crease access to health service. DM incidences in Sleman Regency in 2009-2013 tend to in crease, in 2009 was 3359 incidences, in 2010 was 2025 incidences, in 2011 was 2214 incidences, in 2012 was 3429 incidences, and 2013 was 3741 incidences, whereas the number of poor population tend to decreased. Objectives: To mapping a distribution trend of diabetes mellitus incidences in 2009-2013 based on age group, knowing the correlation between the percentage of poor population to DM incidences, and to analyze the accessibility (the distribution of PHC, time and distance) in Sleman Regency. Methods: This was descriptive analytic study used cross sectional design, to study the distribution of diabetes mellitus incidences using Geographical Information System (GIS) in SLeman Regency. Population and sample for the study was all new DM incidences in Sleman Regency, from 2009 to 2013. Spatial analysis was aimed to view the trend and distribution pattern of DM incidences. Results: Trend of DM incidences in 2009-2013 tend to increase, morbidity rate of DM from 1000 population was highest in Berbah, DM distribution based on age group, the highest was in 45-54 years old group, 55-59 years old and 60-69 years old, but the sufferer of diabetes mellitus was also already presented in 1 month- 1 year old age group. The number of poor population tend to decreased, but it was obtained that there was no significant correlation between DM incidence and the number of poor population. The result of calculation showed that the distribution of PHC in the whole areas was scattered and evenly distributed, the distance of settlement to PHC, the farest was about 10 km thus the time for traffic was about 20-30 minutes by speed 20 km/hour. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus incidences in Sleman Regency tend to increased, whereas the number of poor population tend to decreased, distribution of PHC was even, the distance and time in travelling was near enough, easy and affordable. It was need to increase good promotion, maintenance, treatment, staff, health facilities, transportation, and road infrastructure. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, poor population, accessibility, geographical information system
Kata Kunci : diabetes mellitus, penduduk miskin, aksessibilitas, sistem informasi geografis; Diabetes mellitus, poor population, accessibility, geographical information system
