\"Lebur Alako Ka Tasek\", Studi Etnografi Nelayan Pasongsongan, Pulau Madura

BUHARI, Dr. Pujo Semedi Hargo Yuwono, M.A.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ANTROPOLOGI BUDAYA

Banyak peneliti memberikan gambaran masyarakat nelayan sebagai komunitas yang tak hanya miskin, tapi sangat miskin. Perkampungan kumuh, masyarakat terbelakang dan termarginalkan selalu menjadi cerita umum yang terkonstruksi di dalam benak kita. Maka dari itu, bagaimana bisa masyarakat nelayan di Pasongsongan merasa hidup sejahtera dan berkecukupan? Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menelusuri dinamika kehidupan masyarakat nelayan, utamanya nalayan buruh, terkait bagaimana pandangan-pandangan mereka terhadap aktivitas penangkapan ikan yang mana seringkali dianggap sebagai pekerjaan yang tidak pasti serta beresiko tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah pesisir Madura, tepatnya di Desa Pasongsongan, Kecamatan Pasongsongan, Kabupaten Sumenep, Provinsi Jawa Timur dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2013. Data-data dikumpulkan dengan beberapa cara, yakni: pengamatan (observasi), wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview), observasi terlibat (participant observation) dan studi pustaka. Untuk dapat melakukan perbandingan data informan-informan dipilih dari berbagai kalangan: nelayan pandiga, jurumudi, juragan, pedagang ikan, pengebok ikan, petugas pelabuhan, dan warga bukan-nelayan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandangan masyarakat nelayan Pasongsongan tentang aktivitas menangkap ikan yang menyenangkan (lebur) dan menyejahterakan tak lebih dari sebuah konstruksi yang dibangun bersama agar aktivitas penangkapan ini terus dapat berlanjut. Kata kunci: nelayan, purse-seine, resiko dan ketidakpastian, kontruksi, kemiskinan

Many researchers described fishermen as a community that is not only poor, but also really poor. A slum with uncivilized and marginalized people always become a common image that is constructed in our mind. So, how can fishermen in Pasongsongan, Madura Island, feel that they live in prosperous life? What makes them feel so that? This writing is aimed to explore the dynamics of fishermen, especially purse-seine crews as a majority profession. The exploration is about how they perceive their fishing activities that are always categorized as a risky and uncertain profession. This research was conducted in coastal area of Madura Island, exactly in Pasongsongan Village, Sumenep District, East Java, from October to December 2013. Data of this research was collected by doing some methods: observation, in- depth interview, participatory observation, and literature observation. To get comparison of the data, informants of this research were chosen from different background: pandiga fisherman, jurumudi (captain), juragan (owner of tools), fish trader, pengebok (fish trader crew) and non-fisherman people. The results show that Pasongsongan fishermen's point of view saying that fishing activity is a good job and make them prosperous is just a construction that is built all together. From that, fishing activity becomes sustainable as we see now. Keywords: fishermen, purse seine, risk and uncertainty, construction, poverty

Kata Kunci : nelayan, purse-seine, resiko dan ketidakpastian, kontruksi, kemiskinan