KEEFEKTIFAN PERPADUAN PENGENDALIAN KULTUR TEKNIS, SARUNGISASI, DAN BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS TERHADAP PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

YOSEP MANDACAN, Prof. Dr. Ir. FX. Wagiman, SU; Prof. Dr. Ir. Soeprapto Mangoendihardjo

2014 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan subsektor perkebunan di Kabupaten Manokwari. Luas pertanaman kakao mengalami peningkatan dari 3.204 ha dengan produksi 959 ton pada tahun 2006 menjadi 3.958 ha dengan produksi 958 ton pada tahun 2010. Seiring peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kakao telah teridentifikasi berbagai permasalahan di antaranya adalah tingginya kehilangan hasil karena kerusakan buah yang disebabkan oleh hama penggerek buah kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella). Kajian perpaduan pengendalian kultur teknis, mekanis dan hayati dimaksudkan untuk mendukung upaya pengendalian hama ini. Kajian dilakukan di kebun kakao milik petani di Kabupaten Manokwari seluas 5 ha, selama 6 bulan sejak bulan Pebruari – Juli 2010. Hasil Kajian menunjukan bahwa perpaduan teknik pengendalian efektif dan mampu menurunkan populasi hama sebesar 83,50%, intensitas serangan 90,42%, dan kehilangan hasil 90,63%, serta meningkatkan hasil panen biji kakao kering 2,24 kg/100 buah dibanding kontrol. Hasil kajian tersebut sebagai informasi bagi petani, swasta, dan pemerintah yang mengusahakan komoditi kakao untuk memadukan teknik pengendalian kultur teknis, mekanis dan hayati, serta pemanfaatan alat kokosliver untuk mempermudah penyarungan buah sebagai paket pengendalian hama PBK yang efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan.

Cacao is one of main commodities of agricultural subsector in the regency of Manokwari. The wide of cacao plantation was increased from 3,204 hectares with the production of 959 ton in 2006 to 3,958 hectares with the production of 958 ton in 2010. Together with the increase of cacao plantation productivity, it has been identified the various problems such as high loss of product due to the damage of cacao fruits that were caused by the plant pest of cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella). A study of controlled combination of technical, sarungization and biologic cultures was purposed to support the controlling efforts of this pest. This study was conducted in cacao plantation of a farmer in Manokwari Regency which the wide was 5 hectares, in term of six months (February to July 2010). The study results showed that the combination of controlled technic was effective and could decrease the pest population by 83.50%, striking intensity of 90.42%, and results loss of 90.63%, and increased the harvest of dry cacao seeds of 2.24 kg/100 seeds compared with the controlled ones. The study results were utilized as informations for farmer, private, and government who managed the commodity of cacao to combine the control of technical, mechanical, and biologic cultures, and utilization of cocosliver tools to facilitate sarungization of fruit as packaged of pest controlled of CPB that was effective, efficient, and friendly to the environment.

Kata Kunci : Kakao, Penggerek buah kakao, Manokwari, Kokosliver