Analisis Distribusi Apotek di Kota Yogyakarta Dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis

DYANI PRIMASARI, Dr. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes, P.hD

2015 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Kebutuhan masyarakat atas sarana kesehatan saat ini dirasakan semakin meningkat karena masyarakat semakin sadar dan percaya bahwa kesehatan merupakan aset utama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pengadaan sarana kesehatan khususnya apotek oleh pemerintah maupun swasta sangat mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat tersebut. Selain pengadaan apotek, perlu dipertimbangkan faktor distribusinya dan aksesibilitas masyarakat terhadap apotek. Pengumpulan data melalui PD IAI Yogyakarta, Badan Pusat Statistik dan Dinas Kesehatan Yogyakarta dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data jumlah dan lokasi apotek serta jumlah penduduk di Kota Yogyakarta. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan GPS terhadap apotek yang secara real berada di seluruh daerah di Kota Yog yakarta. Data yang didapat disinkronisasi dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi real di lapangan. Data kemudian dianalisa untuk mendapatkan gambaran distribusi gambaran aksesibilitas masyarakat terhadap apotek di Kota Yogyakarta. Analisa distribusi dilakukan melalui visualisasi terhadap peta persebaran apotek di Kota Yogyakarta. Sedangkan analisa aksesibilitas dilakukan dengan perhitungan rasio antara jumlah apotek dengan jumlah penduduk di setiap kecamatan di Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah apotek yang berada di setiap kecamatan terkonsentrasi berada di daerah jalan perbatasan kecamatan, sehingga distribusi terlihat tidak merata dan terlihat mengelompok di wilayah perbatasan kecamatan. Rasio apotek/ apoteker di Kota Yogyakarta sebesar 1: 3967. Jumlah apotek terbesar terdapat di kecamatan Umbulharjo (25) dengan rasio 1:3.284. Sedangkan jumlah apotek paling sedikit terdapat di dua kecamatan yaitu Gondomanan dan Ngampilan sebanyak 3 apotek dengan rasio masingmasing adalah 1:4.365 dan 1:5.467. Rasio terkecil terdapat pada kecamatan Pakualaman dengan rasio 1:1.561. Rasio terbesar terdapat pada kecamatan Mergangsan yaitu 1:7.362. Rasio hasil perbandingan apotek dengan penduduk menunjukkan aksesibilitas masyarakat sudah baik dan memenuhi ketentuan kebutuhan apoteker menurut Kementerian Kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Apotek, Distribusi Apotek, Rasio Apotek

People's need for health facilities currently perceived increase because the public is increasingly aware and believe that health is a major asset in everyday life. Procurement of health facilities especially by government and private pharmacies are very supportive of the community needs. In addition to pharmacy procurement, distribution and factors need to be considered public accessibility to the pharmacy. The collection of data through PD IAI Yogyakarta, Central Bureau of Statistics and Department of Health Yogyakarta conducted to obtain data on the number and location of pharmacies and number of inhabitants in the city of Yogyakarta. Data processing is performed using the GPS in real pharmacies located in all areas in the city of ogyakarta. Data were obtained synchronized and adapted to real conditions in the field. The data is then analyzed to get an overview picture of the distribution of public accessibility to the pharmacy in the city of Yogyakarta. Analysis of the distribution is done through visualization to map the distribution of pharmacies in the city of Yogyakarta. While the accessibility analysis is done by calculating the ratio between the number of pharmacies to population in every district in the city of Yogyakarta. Research results obtained are pharmacies that are in every district are concentrated in the area of border districts, so that the uneven distribution of visible and seen clustered in the border area districts. The ratio of pharmacy / pharmacist in Yogyakarta is 1: 3967. Largest number of pharmacies is in the district Umbulharjo (25) with a ratio of 1: 3,284. While the number of pharmacies is at least two districts namely Gondomanan and Ngampilan much as 3 pharmacies with each ratio is 1: 4,365 and 1: 5,467. The ratio of the smallest districts Pakualaman contained in the ratio of 1: 1,561. Largest ratio found in districts Mergangsan is 1: 7362. The ratio of pharmacy comparison with the results indicating public accessibility is good and meets the needs of pharmacists according to the provisions of the Health Ministry. Keyword: Pharmacy, Pharmacy distribution, Pharmacy ratio

Kata Kunci : Pharmacy, Pharmacy distribution, Pharmacy ratio, Apotek, Distribusi Apotek, Rasio Apotek