PELANGGARAN MALAYSIA TERHADAP STANDARD HAM CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN DALAM ISU KEKERASAN MIGRANT DOMESTIC WORKER INDONESIA

KARDINA, Drs. Dafri Agussalim, MA

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Meningkatnya tren migrasi ekonomi oleh perempuan Indonesia ke Malaysia sering menimbulkan kasus kekerasan terhadap Migrant Domestic Worker, padahal Malaysia sudah meratifikasi Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor inkonsistensi perilaku Malaysia terhadap perjanjian internasional CEDAW dengan melakukan analisis teori kepatuhan dan konsep sekuritisasi sebagai penjelasan proses yang mempengaruhi kontinuitas kasus kekerasan sebagai bukti pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adanya persepsi ancaman migran ilegal yang dianggap mengganggu keamanan kedaulatan Malaysia mempengaruhi kapabilitas aktor elit domestik untuk membangun mekanisme penyelenggaran perlindungan yang sesuai dengan prinsip CEDAW. Bagi Malaysia, CEDAW hanya berfungsi sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan reputasi dalam pergaulan internasional dan kepentingan politik domestik, oleh karena itu CEDAW tidak mempengaruhi perilaku kepatuhan Malaysia sebagaimana dilihat dari implementasi yang menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian dengan standard hak asasi manusia. Akibatnya, dalam menangani masalah Migrant Domestic Worker, berbagai kebijakan Malaysia tetap mengandung unsur diskriminasi terhadap perlindungan hak asasi Migrant Domestic Worker Indonesia yang merupakan pelanggaran prinsip-prinsip konvensi.

The increasing trend of economic migration by Indonesian women to Malaysia often lead to violence against migrant domestic workers, even though Malaysia has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). This study aims to explain the inconsistency factor of Malaysia behavior to the CEDAW treaty by analyzing using the compliance theory and concept of securitization as an explanation process affecting the continuity of violence as verification of human rights violations. This study found that the threat perception of illegal migrants are considered to endanger the security of Malaysia sovereignty that influence the capability of domestic elite actors to build the enforcement mechanism of protection in accordance with the principles of CEDAW. For Malaysia, CEDAW serves only as an effort to improve the reputation in international relations and domestic political interests, hence CEDAW does not affect Malaysia compliance behavior as seen from implementations that explain non compliance with human rights standards. Consequently, in addressing the problem of migrant domestic workers, the policy of Malaysia remain an element of discrimination against protection of Indonesian migrant domestic workers rights that constitute violation of convention principles.

Kata Kunci : Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia, Isu Kekerasan Migrant Domestic Worker, Standard Hak Asasi Manusia, CEDAW, Kepatuhan, Sekuritisasi