HUBUNGAN ANTARA SIKAP, PERILAKU KOLABORASI DOKTER–PERAWAT DENGAN PRAKTIK INTERPROFESI DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT PANTI RAPIH, YOGYAKARTA

LUCIA UTAMI, Prof. dr. Sunartini Hapsara, Sp.A(K), Ph.D.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Keperawatan

Latar Belakang: Kolaborasi interprofesi dalam pelayanan kesehatan melibatkan berbagai profesi kesehatan, tetapi kolaborasi antara dokter dan perawat merupakan faktor penentu yang sangat penting bagi peningkatan hasil kesehatan pasien. Sikap dokter dan perawat terhadap kolaborasi akan mempengaruhi bagaimana perilaku dokter dan perawat dalam melaksanakan kolaborasi interprofesi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sikap, perilaku kolaborasi dokter– perawat dengan praktik interprofesi di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih, Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei dan observasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling untuk dokter dan simple randomized sampling untuk perawat. Survei dilakukan terhadap 134 responden (dokter 50 orang dan perawat 84 orang) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Observasi dilakukan pada 10 perawat dan 10 dokter di instalasi rawat inap. Instrumen untuk mengukur sikap, perilaku dokter dan perawat terhadap kolaborasi masing-masing yaitu The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician Nurse Collaboration dan The Stichler Collaborative Behavior Scale. Observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan praktik kolaborasi perawat dan dokter di instalasi rawat inap. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Mann Whitney dan Spearman’s Correlation test. Hasil Penelitian: Perbedaan total skor rerata sikap dokter dan perawat terhadap kolaborasi secara statistik tidak bermakna dengan nilai p 0,752 (p>0,05). Sedangkan perbedaan total skor rerata perilaku dokter dan perawat terhadap kolaborasi secara statistik bermakna dengan nilai p 0,001 (p<0,05). Terdapat korelasi yang positif dan sangat kuat antara sikap dan perilaku dokter dan perawat terhadap kolaborasi dengan nilai r 1,000, dan secara statistik terdapat korelasi yang bermakna dengan nilai p 0,001 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Dokter dan perawat memiliki sikap yang positif dan perilaku yang baik terhadap kolaborasi interprofesi. Terdapat hubungan antara sikap dan perilaku kolaborasi dokter serta perawat dengan praktik interprofesi. Semakin positif sikap dokter dan perawat terhadap kolaborasi interprofesi, maka akan semakin baik perilaku kerja sama dan interaksi dokter dan perawat dalam praktik interprofesi. Nilai-nilai yang dihidupi oleh institusi sangat penting dan merupakan landasan yang dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan dalam peningkatan serta pengembangan kolaborasi interprofesi antar profesi kesehatan dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Kolaborasi Interprofesi; Sikap; Perilaku.

Background: Interprofessional collaboration in health services involves a number of parties of health professions, but the collaboration between physicians and nurses is an important determinant to the improvement of the patients’ health. The attitudes of physicians and nurses toward collaboration will affect how physicians and nurses behave in conducting the practice of interprofessional collaboration. Purpose: To know the correlation between the attitudes and behaviors of physicians-nurses collaboration with interprofessional practice in inpatient care installation of Panti Rapih Hospital, Yogyakarta. Methods: This research applies descriptive analytical design with cross-sectional approach. The data collection technique is conducted by surveys and observations. The sampling is done by purposive sampling for physicians and simple randomized sampling for nurses. Surveys are conducted to 134 samples (84 nurses and 50 physicians) who meet the criteria of inclusion. Observations are done to 10 nurses and 10 physicians in inpatient care installation. The instruments used to measure the attitudes and behaviors of physicians and nurses toward interprofessional collaboration are The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician Nurse Collaboration and The Stichler Collaborative Behavior Scale. The observation technique is applied to know the implementation of interprofessional collaboration practice between physicians and nurses in inpatient care installation. The data analysis used here are Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s Correlation test. Result: The average score of collaborative attitudes of physicians is 48.24 (SD=4.671) and nurses is 48.36 (SD=2.325), where statistically the difference is not significant, with the value of p 0.752 (p>0.05). There is positive and strong correlation with the value of r 1.000, and statistically the correlation between the attitudes and behaviors of physicians and nurses with interprofessional practice is significant, with the value of p 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Physicians and nurses have positive attitudes and good behaviors toward the practice of interprofessional collaboration. There is correlation between the attitudes and behaviors of physicians and nurses toward the practice of interprofessional collaboration. The more positive the attitudes of physicians and nurses toward interprofessional collaboration, the better behaviors of cooperation and interaction of theirs in interprofessional practice. The values maintained by the institution are very important and are the fundamentals able to be used as the approach in the improvement and development of interprofessional collaboration in health services. Keywords: Interprofessional Collaboration; Attitudes; Behaviors

Kata Kunci : Kolaborasi Interprofesi; Sikap; Perilaku; Interprofessional Collaboration; Attitudes; Behaviors