EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN FITOBIOTIK EKSTRAK AIR KUNYIT DAN BAWANG PUTIH SEBAGAI FEED ADDITIVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS GASTROINTESTINAL, KINERJA PRODUKSI, DAN KUALITAS DAGING BROILER

SRI PURWANTI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Zuprizal, DEA; Prof. Dr. Ir. Tri Yuwanta, SU, DEA; Dr. Ir. Supadmo, MS.

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat fitobiotik ekstrak air kunyit (EAK), ekstrak air bawang putih (EABP), dan kombinasi ekstrak air kunyit dan bawang putih (EAKBP) sebagai feed additive yang mempunyai fungsi sebagai anti-bakteri terhadap bakteri Lactobacillus, Salmonella, dan E. coli dan mampu memperbaiki histomorfologi duodenum, struktur organ pankreas serta aktivitas enzim pankreas, kinerja produksi, perlemakan, kolesterol daging, kualitas sensoris, dan kualitas fisik pada daging broiler. Data uji aktivitas anti-bakteri (tahap 1) dianalisis statistik menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah dengan enam perlakuan tiga ulangan. Data yang berbeda antar perlakuan diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Studi in vivo pada broiler (tahap 2 dan tahap 3) dilakukan menggunakan 100 ekor ayam Cobb CP 707. Bahan baku ransum disusun dengan kandungan energi termetabolis (3000,45 kcal/kg), protein kasar (20,62%), serat kasar (3,10%), lemak kasar (3,99%), Ca (1,17%), P-avb (0,58%), L-Lysin-HCl (1,08%) dan DL-Methionin (0,41%). Grup I (ransum basal tanpa fitobiotik dan antibiotik)(kontrol negatif), Grup II (ransum basal + zinc basitrasin 0,015% + filler 2,485%) (kontrol positif), Grup III (ransum basal + EAK 2,50%), Grup IV (ransum basal + EABP 2,00% + filler 0,50%), grup V (ransum basal + EAKBP 2,50%). Variabel yang diamati meliputi histomorfologi duodenum, struktur jaringan pankreas, serta aktivitas enzim pankreas. Sampel diambil 2 ekor dari setiap unit percobaan untuk variabel bobot karkas, persentase karkas, kualitas fisik daging, lemak daging, lemak abdominal, lemak subkutan, kolesterol daging, kolesterol total, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) serta trigliserida darah. Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan dianalisis variansi menggunakam Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Searah dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji kontras ortogonal. Data uji sensoris daging ditabulasi dan dianalisis non-parametrik menggunakan uji Hedonik Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa fitobiotik EAK, EABP dan EAKBP mampu berfungsi sebagai agen anti-bakteri terhadap bakteri Lactobacillus, Salmonella, dan E. coli. Konsentrasi terbaik yang digunakan uji in vivo adalah EAK 2,5%, EABP 2,0% dan EAKBP 2,5%. Fitobiotik EAKBP 2,5% mampu memperbaiki histomorfologi duodenum, lemak daging, lemak abdominal, lemak subkutan, kolesterol daging, aktivitas enzim lipase pankreas, kolesterol darah, LDL, HDL dan trigliserida darah serta kualitas fisik daging. Penambahan fitobiotik tidak memberi pengaruh terhadap uji sensoris pada daging mentah dan daging masak kecuali warna dan daya terima pada daging mentah. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa EAK 2,5%, EABP 2,0% dan EAKBP 2,5% mampu sebagai anti-bakteri dan dapat digunakan sebagai feed additive alternatif pengganti antibiotik sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan. Kata kunci : Fitobiotik, Feed additive, Anti-bakteri, Pankreas, Kualitas daging

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of turmeric (TE), garlic (GE), and mixture of turmeric and garlic water extract (TGE) as feed additives as antibacterial agents against Lactobacillus, Salmonella, and E. coli as well as to evaluated the ability to improve duodenal histomorphology, pancreas organ structure and pancreatic enzymes activity, productive performance, meat fat, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat, meat cholesterol, and the quality of the sensory test, and meat physical quality of broiler chickens. Antibacterial activity examination (phase 1) was done using a Completely Randomized Design study with six treatments and three replications, that followed by Duncan's new Multiple Range Test (DMRT). In vivo study in broilers (phase 2 and phase 3) were done using 100 unsexed Cobb CP 707 broiler chicken ration, which contained 3000.45 kcal/kg metabolism energy, 20.62% protein, 3.10% crude fiber, 3.99% ether extract, 1.17% Ca, 0.58% available Phosphorus, 1.08% L-Lysine-HCl, and 0.41% DL-Methionin. Group I (basal ration without phytobiotic and antibiotics) (negative control ), Group II (basal diet + 0.015% zinc bacitracin + 2.485% filler) (positive control, Group III (basal ration + 2.50% TE), Group IV (basal ration + 2.00% GE + 0.50% filler), group V (basal ration + 2.50% TGE). Variables that observed were duodenal histomorphology, pancreas tissue structure, as well as pancreatic enzymes activity. Samples were taken from two chickens of each experimental units, for carcass weight, carcass percentage, the meat physical quality, meat fat, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat, meat cholesterol, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides in blood serum examination. The data collected were subjected to a Oneway ANOVA using Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and four replications. All significant differences were separated by Orthogonal Contrast. Meat sensory data were tabulated and analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test hedonic. Results showed that TE, GE, and TGE phytobiotic were capable as antibacterial agent against Lactobacillus, Salmonella, and E. Coli bacteria. The likely best concentration used for in vivo study were 2.5% for TE, 2.0% for GE and 2.5% for TGE. The rate of 2,5% TGE was able to improve the duodenum histomorphology (P<0.01), reduce (P<0.05) fatty liver and meat cholesterol, but did not affect pancreatic enzyme activity, productive performance, as well as blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride. Dietary TE, GE and TGE supplementation did not affect meat physical quality, but improved water holding capacity (P<0.05). The sensory examination showed that phytobiotic extracts supplementation increased (P<0.05) raw meat color and acceptance level. It might be concluded from this study that TE, GE, and TGE were capable used as antibacterial agents and could be used as an alternative for antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Keywords: Phytobiotic, Feed additive, Antibacterial, Pancreas, Meat quality

Kata Kunci : Fitobiotik, Feed additive, Anti-bakteri, Pankreas, Kualitas daging; Phytobiotic, Feed additive, Antibacterial, Pancreas, Meat quality