PENINGKATAN KUALITAS JERAMI PADI MELALUI TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN MIKROBA PENCERNA SERAT DARI RAYAP (Cryptotermes sp.)

BAGINDA ISKANDAR MOEDA T., IR.M.SI., Prof. Dr. Ir. Zaenal Bachruddin, M.Sc; Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, S.U.; Prof. Dr. Ir. S. Margino

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menseleksi bakteri pencerna serat dari saluran pencernaan rayap, mengkaji kondisi optimum pertumbuhan dari bakteri terseleksi, mengevaluasi aplikasi isolat pada fermentasi jerami padi terhadap kadar nutrien, kecernaan dan metabolit hasil degradasi jerami padi terfermentasi oleh mikroba rumen dalam cairan rumen, serta perubahan struktur jaringan jerami padi fermentasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan tiga tahap. Tahap pertama melakukan isolasi dan seleksi berdasarkan aktivitas enzim tertinggi. Tahap kedua melakukan optimasi kondisi pertumbuhan dan produksi enzim selulase, xilanase dan ligninase dari masing-masing jenis isolat terseleksi (S=selulolitik, X= xilanolitik dan L= lignolitik) dengan perlakuan perbedaan aras substrat (1, 2 dan 3% W/V) dan aras nitrogen (0,1; 0,2 dan 0,3% W/V), serta lama inkubasi 10 hari. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial. Variabel yang diamati adalah aktivitas enzim (selulase, xilanase dan ligninase) dan kadar protein biomasa. Tahap ketiga melakukan fermentasi jerami padi dengan lama peram 0, 1 dan 2 minggu. Penelitian diatur menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Variabel yang diukur: kandungan BK dan BO, PK, LK, SK, abu, BETN, NDF, ADF, hemiselulosa, selulosa dan lignin jerami padi terfermentasi. Variabbel KcBK dan KcBO, serta produksi VFA, NH3 dan protein total. Data dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan’s multiple range test). Hasil penumbuhan menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan bakteri, baik yang bersifat selulolitik (S), xilanolitik (X) dan lignolitik (L). Isolat-isolat bakteri S2, X3 dan L1 menunjukkan aktifitas tertinggi. Semakin tinggi aras nitrogen nyata meningkatkan aktivitas enzim ketiga macam enzim. Penambahan aras substrat jerami padi 1% dan nitrogen 0,3% menunjukan aktivitas enzim tertinggi baik pada selulase, xilanase maupun ligninase. Semakin lama waktu pemeraman, kandungan BK, BO, SK, BETN, NDF, ADF, hemiselulosa, selulosa dan lignin nyata semakin menurun, sedangkan kandungan PK, abu, KcBK dan KcBO, produksi VFA dan NH3, serta protein total semakin meningkat. Semakin lama proses fermentasi, struktur jaringan dinding batang jerami padi semakin mengalami kerusakan, baik sebelah luar maupun sebelah dalam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa isolat–isolat : S2, X3 dan L1 menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi. Peningkatan waktu pemeraman dapat meningkatkan kandungan PK, abu, KcBK, KcBO, produksi VFA, NH3, serta protein total dan menurunkan kandungan BK,

The study aimed to isolate and selecting fiber-digesting bacteria from the digestive tract of termites, assess the optimum growth conditions of the bacteria selected, evaluate the application isolates the fermentation of rice straw on levels of nutrients, digestibility and metabolites fermented rice straw degradation by rumen microbes in the rumen fluid, as well as changes network structure of fermented rice straw. The experiment was conducted three phases. The first stage of isolation and selection is based on the highest enzyme activity. The second stage of the optimization of growth conditions and enzyme production of cellulase, xylanase and ligninase of each type of selected isolates (S = cellulolytic, X = xilanolitik and L = lignolitik) with treatment differing levels of substrate (1, 2 and 3% W / V) and nitrogen levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% W / V), and the incubation time of 10 days. Research using a completely randomized factorial design. Observed variable is the activity of the enzyme (cellulase, xylanase and ligninase) and protein levels of biomass. The third stage of fermentation of rice straw with long ripened 0, 1 and 2 weeks. The study is set to use unidirectional pattern completely randomized design. Measured variables: content DM and OM, CP, crude fat, CF, ash, EMWN, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin fermented rice straw. Variabbel DMD and OMD, as well as the production of VFA, NH3 and total protein. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed DMRT (Duncan's multiple range test). The results showed the growth of bacteria, both cellulolytic (S), xilanolytik (X) and lignolytik (L). Bacterial isolates S2, X3 and L1 showed the highest activity. The higher the level of nitrogen significantly increased the enzyme activity of all three enzymes. The addition of 1% level of rice straw substrate and 0,3% nitrogen showed the highest enzyme activity either on cellulase, xylanase and ligninase. The longer the curing time, the content of DM, OM, CF, EMWN, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin real decrease, while the content of CP, ash, and DMD, OMD, production of VFA and NH3, as well as increasing the total protein. The longer the fermentation process, the structure tissue of the rice straw walls were damaged, both outer and inner. Based on the results of the study concluded that isolates: S2, X3 and L1 showed the highest activity. Increased curing time can increase the content of CP, ash, DMD, OMD, production of VFA, NH3, and total protein and decrease the content of DM, OM, CF, EMWN, ADF, NDF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The process of fermentation for 2 weeks resulted in tissue damage of rice straw walls. Keywords: Fermentation, rice straw, enzyme activity, proximate and fiber parameters, parameters in vitro, fiber-digesting bacteria, termites

Kata Kunci : Fermentation, rice straw, enzyme activity, proximate and fiber parameters, parameters in vitro, fiber-digesting bacteria, termites