Deteksi Keberadaan dan Ekspresi Gen Terkait Biosintesis Antosianin pada Persilangan Cabai (Capsicum spp.)

TANTRI SWANDARI, Dr. Ir. Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc. ; Dr. Panjisakti Basunanda, S.P., M.P. ; Dr. Rani Agustina Wulandari, S.P., M.P.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Pemuliaan Tanaman

Cabai (Capsicum spp.) telah banyak dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman sayur maupun tanaman hias. Sebagai tanaman hias, karakter utama yang meningkatkan daya tarik bagi konsumen adalah pigmentasi warna. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan persilangan antara cabai terpigmentasi antosianin dengan cabai tidak terpigmentasi dengan tujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan dan ekspresi gen terkait biosintesis antosianin di bagian batang, daun, bunga, dan buah pada tanaman tetua cabai dan keturunannya, mengkaji pewarisan warna berdasarkan pigmentasi. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tetua cabai yang terpigmentasi (Bollivian Rainbow dan Fish Pepper) dan dua tetua cabai tidak terpigmentasi (cabai lokal aksesi A dan Cherry Pepper). Cabai lokal aksesi A merupakan C. frutescens sedangkan tiga tetua cabai lainnya merupakan C. annuum. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di rumah plastik di daerah Kaliurang dan Kebun Tri Dharma Banguntapan. Penelitian molekular dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Faperta UGM. Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan Maret 2013 sampai Mei 2014. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter kualitatif pigmentasi di batang, daun, bunga, dan buah serta karakter kuantitatif warna buah cabai pada fase muda. Pengamatan molekular menggunakan primer terkait gen biosintesis antosianin yaitu chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), serta gen 18S sebagai kontrol internal. Primer-primer tersebut digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi molekul DNA dan RNA tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen CHS, CHI, dan DFR terdapat pada tanaman cabai yang terpigmentasi maupun tidak terpigmentasi, sedangkan gen ANS memiliki kecenderungan hanya terdapat pada tanaman terpigmentasi. Gen terkait biosintesis antosianin terekspresi di batang, daun, bunga, dan buah pada tanaman tetua, keturunan F1 dan resiproknya. Warna ungu terekspresi di bagian batang, daun, bunga, dan buah pada populasi tanaman F1 dan resiproknya

Chilli (Capsicum spp.) has been widely cultivated as a vegetable crop and ornamental plants. As an ornamental plant, the main character that enhances the attractiveness to the consumers is color pigmentation. In this research, crossing between anthocyanin-pigmented with anthocyanin-unpigmented chilli were performed to detect the existence and expression of gene related anthocyanin biosynthesis in stems, leaf, flowers, and fruits of parental plants and their offspring, and studying the color inheritance based of pigmentation. Materials used in this research were two parental pigmented chilli (Bollivian Rainbow dan Fish Chili) and two parental unpigmented chilli (accession A dan Cherry Chili). Local variety of chilli accession A is C. frutescens and three other parental chilli are C. annuum. Field experiment was carried in plastic green house in Kaliurang and Tri Dharma Banguntapan research field. Molecular research was conducted in Genetic and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture UGM. This research conducted from March 2013 to May 2014. Qualitative characters of pigmentation were observed in stems, leaf, flowers, and fruits, also quantitative character of fruit color in immature stage. Molecular observation used gene-specific primer of anthocyanin biosynthesis such as chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), also 18S gene as internal control. Primers were used to amplify DNA and RNA molecules of chilli plants samples. The results showed that CHS, CHI, and DFR gene presence in pigmented and unpigmented chilli, while ANS gene presence only in pigmented chilli. Gene related for anthocyanin biosynthesis was expressed in stems, leaf, flowers, and fruits samples of parental plants, F1 and F1 resiprocal generation. Purple expressed in stems, leaf, flowers, and fruit on plant population F1 and reciprocal crosses

Kata Kunci : Capsicum spp., persilangan, pigmentasi warna, gen antosianin/: Capsicum spp., breeding, color pigmentation, anthocyanin gene