POTENSI ABU TERBANG LIMBAH PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA TERHADAP Nilaparvata lugens
HAFIZ FAUZANA, SP.MP, Prof. Dr. Ir. Fransiscus Xaverius Wagiman, S.U.
2015 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hama TumbuhanAbu terbang batubara (ATB) asal PT. PLN Pembangkitan Tanjung Jati B, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah, potensinya sebagai insektisida terhadap wereng batang padi coklat (WBPC), Nilaparvata lugens dikaji pada kondisi laboratorium, semi lapangan dan lapangan. Kajian diawali dengan karakterisasi fisik dan kimia ATB. Potensi ATB sebagai insektisida dikaji dengan efikasi awal terhadap hama padi yaitu WBPC, walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius), dan belalang Oxya. Selanjutnya efikasi ATB difokuskan terhadap WBPC untuk menentukan dosis ATB yang efektif. Mekanisme ATB membunuh WBPC dipelajari dengan kajian dampak pemaparan ATB terhadap gangguan fisiologis WBPC. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia ATB dihubungkan dengan fenomena gangguan fungsi spirakel akibat penutupan lubang spirakel, kerusakan jaringan akibat plasmolisis, dan dehidrasi yang diindikasikan oleh penurunan berat dan kadar air tubuh WBPC. Untuk memastikan ATB aman terhadap tanaman, dilakukan uji dampak fitotoksik ATB pada tanaman padi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik fisik dan kimia ATB memungkinkan berpotensi tinggi sebagai insektisida. Kajian awal efikasi ATB dengan pemaparan 4 g/mangkok setara 1 ton/ha menyebabkan mortalitas nimfa dan imago WBPC sebanyak 62% dan 58%, imago walang sangit 100%, nimfa dan imago belalang Oxya 68% dan 42%. Diameter partikel ATB yang sangat kecil yaitu 97,9% <30μm, rerata luas partikel 105,7 μm2, sementara rerata luas spirakel toraks WBPC 4.122,2 μm2 dan abdomen WBPC 164,18 μm2, ATB mengganggu fungsi spirakel dengan penutupan 38,0 - 100%. ATB selain berpartikel sangat halus mempunyai berat jenis 2,26 ± 0,03 g/cm3 dan mudah dihembuskan. ATB sangat kering, kadar air 0,27-0,43%, bersifat higroskopis dan berkadar senyawa aktif berupa silika (SiO2) 60,20% dan alumina (Al2O3) 23,36%, bila dipaparkan pada WBPC menyebabkan dehidrasi yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan berat tubuh 70,4%, pengurangan kadar air tubuh 60,12%, serta plasmolisis sel sehingga merusak jaringan. Efikasi ATB pada kondisi laboratorium, semi lapangan dan lapangan menghasilkan dosis aplikasi 80 g/rumpun setara 20 ton/ha. ATB tidak menimbulkan efek fitotoksisitas terhadap tanaman padi. Kata Kunci: Wereng batang padi coklat, Nilaparvata lugens, abu terbang batubara, insektisida, padi
The coal fly ash (CFA) obtained from PT PLN (Govermental Electricity Corporation Ltd.) Tanjung Jati B Power Station in Jepara District, Central Java, and its potency as an insecticide against Brown Plant Hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, was studied under laboratory, semi field, and field conditions. The studies were started with characterizing physical and chemical properties of the CFA. CFA potency as insecticide was studied with preliminary efficacy to BPH, rice seed bug (Leptocorisa oratorius), and rice grasshopper (Oxya sp.). The CFA efficacy was then focused on the BPH to determine the effective dosage. The killing mechanism of CFA on the BPH was observed by study on the impact of CFA treatment on physiological disturbance of BPH. Its physical and chemical characteristics of CFA were correlated with phenomenon of functional disturbance of the BPH spiracles due to covering spiracle holes with the CFA, the destruction of the tissue due to plasmolysis, and the dehydration as indicated by BPHs’ weight and body moisture reduction. To ensure the safety of the CFA application on plants, phytotoxicity test was also conducted on rice plants. The results showed that physical and chemical characteristics of CFA posibly have high potency as insecticide. Preliminary efficacy of CFA with 4g/cup equal to 1 ton/ha caused 62% and 58% mortality of BPH nymphs and adults, 100% of adults rice seed bug, and 68% and 42% of nymphs and adults of the rice grasshopper. The very fine CFA diameter of 97.9% was ca. <30 μm and the average particles area of only 105.7 μm2, could disturb spiracle function by 38-100% hole covering since the average area of thoracic and abdominal spiracles was 4.122.2 μm2 and 164.18 μm2, respectively. Besides very fine in size, CFA particles were only 2.26 ± 0.03 g/cm3 in density, make them easy by blown. CFA was very dry with the moisture content of 0.27 – 0.43% and hygroscopic in nature. CFA was also composed of active compound as much as 60.20% silica (SiO2) and 23.37% alumina (Al2O3), which caused dehydration to BPH, as shown by the reduction of body weight and body moisture of 70.4% and 60.12% respectively. These compounds may also caused cell plasmolysis and hence result in destroyed tissue. The laboratory, semi field, and field efficacies of the CFA resulted in the application dose of 80g/hill which was equal to 20 ton/ha. The CFA did not cause phytotoxicity to the rice plants. Key words: Brown Plant Hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, coal fly ash, insecticide, rice
Kata Kunci : Wereng batang padi coklat, Nilaparvata lugens, abu terbang batubara, insektisida, padi; Brown Plant Hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, coal fly ash, insecticide, rice
