INTEGRASI FOTO UDARA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS UNTUK EVALUASI PENENTUAN LETAK BANGUNAN CANDI DI WILAYAH PRAMBANAN, KLATEN, JAWA TENGAH DAN DIY
ANDI PUTRANTO, SS., Prof. Dr. Sutikno
2015 | Tesis | S2 Penginderaan JauhSebagai bangunan keagamaan, bangunan candi didirikan atau dibangun berdasarkan syarat tertentu. Dikenal beberapa kitab pedoman pembangunan candi seperti Manasara, Silpasastra, Vastupurusa, Kashyapasilpa. Pedoman pembangunan candi tersebut tidak hanya berlaku di India saja tetapi juga di Indonesia dan begitu juga di wilayah Prambanan. Lahan yang sesuai adalah lahan yang subur, datar, jenis tanah yang baik, permeabilitas baik, tidak mengandung gas atau racun, serta mudah memperoleh air. Kesesuaian lahan merupakan tujuan utama dari penelitian ini. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap lahan di wilayah Prambanan meliputi Kecamatan Kalasan dan Prambanan Kabupaten Sleman, DIY dan Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah dengan metode survey. Digunakan data foto udara hitam putih skala 1:20.000 liputan wilayah Yogyakarta tahun perekaman 2001 untuk menyadap informasi karakteristik lahan yaitu bentuklahan,penggunaan lahan dan jarak situs terahdap sungai. Karakteristik lahan lainnya diperoleh dari data sekunder hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Dilakukan interpretasi, digitasi, overlay analisis dan penilaian terhadap parameter fisik lahan dengan bantuan perangkat SIG dan diperoleh kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk bangunan candi. Hasil penelitian memperoleh tiga kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk bangunan candi yaitu kelas S1 (Baik), S2 (Sedang) dan S3 (Buruk). Dari 11 bangunan candi terdapat sembilan candi yang terletak di lahan kelas S1 (Baik), dua candi di lahan kelas S2 (Sedang) dan tidak ada candi yang terletak di lahan kelas S3 (Buruk). Bangunan candi yang didirikan dengan persyaratan lahan secara konseptual dan tradisional berdasarkan kitab memiliki kesejajaran yang sesuai dengan kriteria kesesuaian lahan untuk bangunan dalam konteks kajian evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk bangunan candi di wilayah Prambanan DIY dan Jawa Tengah pada khususnya serta di Indonesia pada umumnya. Keyword: candi, bangunan, Penginderaan Jauh, SIG, lahan, kesesuaian lahan
As religious sacred building, the temple built or constructed based on ancient-religious concepts and guidelines. Books of temple construction as Manasara, Silpasastra, Vastupurusa, Kashyapasilpa. Guidelines for the construction of the temple is not only applicable in India, but also in Indonesia and so also in the area of Prambanan. The books are arranged on terms that concern with land for temple construction. The term of suitable land for temple is land with proper soil fertility, land terrain, soil types should not be tough or loose, proper soil permeability, does not contain poisonous gas, and the ease of water resource. The land suitability is the aim of this research. This study was conducted on land and temple buildings at Prambanan area, includes District of Kalasan and Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta Province and Prambanan District, Klaten, Central Java Province. The data used are black and white aerial photo scale 1: 20,000 coverage area of Yogyakarta taken from year 2001. The data will be interpreted from aerial photographs is a land physical parameter, namely landform and land use. The other physical parameters will be acquired from thematic maps and research reports from the same area. Digitization, overlay analysis and scoring to land characteristic from both of primary and secondary data was needed to obtain the land suitability classes for temple building in Prambanan area. There are three classes of land suitability for temple building in Prambanan area, namely the class S1 (Good), S2 (Medium) and S3 (Poor). Those all classes were obtained through assessment and overlay analysis from the land physical parameters and supported by GIS (ArcView) software. From 11 buildings of the temple in the area of research there are nine temples are located on S1(Good) land area, two temples laying on the S2 class (Medium) land area, and there is no temple located on the S3 class (Poor) land area. This proved that the temple which was built based upon ancient conceptual and traditional rules also in accordance with the land suitability in term of modern knowledge. Integration of remote sensing data (aerial photographs) and GIS analysis can be used to extract information of the land physical parameters, land characteristic to acquire land suitability for temple building, especially at Prambanan area and also in Indonesia. Keywords: temple, building, Remote Sensing, GIS, land, land suitability class
Kata Kunci : candi, bangunan, Penginderaan Jauh, SIG, lahan, kesesuaian lahan; temple, building, Remote Sensing, GIS, land, land suitability class
