STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI ISOMERISASI PADA SINTESA CAMPHEN

RETNO RINGGANI, Prof. Ir. Arief Budiman, M.S., D.Eng; Budhijanto,S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia

Camphen adalahsenyawa intermediet yang berguna pada sintesa camphor, isobornil asetat dan isoborneol. Dimana senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan produk yang digunakan secara luas pada industri parfum, farmasi, anti bakteri dan food additive. Saat ini, tengah dikembangkan produksi camphen melalui satu tahapan proses yaitu melalui isomerisasi alpha-pinen menggunakan katalis asam. Alpha pinen merupakan kandungan tertinggi pada terpentin. Terpentin merupakan hasil hutan non kayu yang berasal dari pohon pinus jenis Pinus Merkusii. Terpentin diperoleh dari hasil produk non kayu berupa getah pinus. Getah pinus didistilasi dan menghasilkan produk atas berupa terpentin dan produk bawah berupa gondorukem. Terpentin sebagai bahan baku dalam reaksi isomerisasi alpha-pinen memiliki komposisi alpha-pinen80,03 %, camphen 1,95%, beta-pinen 2,78 %, delta-caren 11,91% dan limonen 1,99%. Pada penelitian ini, dipelajari sintesa senyawa camphen melalui reaksi isomerisasi menggunakan katalis resin Amberlyst 36. Reaksi isomerisasi alpha-pinen merupakan reaksi paralel yang menghasilkan beberapa produk isomer monosiklik dan bisiklik, berupa camphen, limonen, terpinolen, alpha-terpinen dan gamma-terpinen, dengan produk camphen sebagai produk utamanya. Parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap konversi alpha-pinen adalah suhu reaksi, katalisdan waktu reaksi.Reaksi isomerisasi dilakukan pada reaktor batch berpengaduk dengan variasi suhu reaksi pada range suhu 70 sampai 100 derajat Celcius untuk mendapatkan data kinetika. Pada penelitian ini juga dipelajari pengaruh dari variabel konsentrasi katalis yaitu pada konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3% terhadap konversi alpha pinen. Reaksi isomerisasi pada sintesa camphen alpha pinen didekati dengan reaksi heterogen order satu irreversible yang melibatkan laju transfer massa dan laju reaksi kimia. Model kinetika yang diusulkan menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan hasil eksperimen. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh energi aktivasi sebesar 92,35 kJ/mol dan faktor tumbukan sebesar 20,511x105menit-1. Kondisi operasi optimum teramati pada waktu reaksi 240 menit, konsentrasi katalis 2,5%, dan suhu reaksi 100 derajat celcius. Pada kondisi optimum tersebut, diperoleh produk camphen sebesar 0,839 mol/L.

Camphene is useful intermediates in the synthesis of camphor, isobornyl acetate and isoborneol. Where these compounds is a product that widely used in the perfume industry, pharmaceuticals, anti-bacterial and food additive. Recently, camphene production is being developed through one stages by isomerization of alpha-pinene by using an acid catalyst. Alpha pinene is the highest content of turpentine. Turpentine is a non-timber forest products derived from pine tree (mercusii). Turpentine obtained from non-wood products such as pine sap.Pine sap is distilled to obtain turpentine as distillate and gondorukem as bottom product. Turpentine as raw material in the isomerizations reaction of alpha-pinene consist of alpha-pinene 80.03 %, 1.95%, camphene,2.78%, beta-pinene, 11.91% delta-carene and 1.99% limonene. Camphene production from turpentine via isomerization of alpha-pinene using resin of Amberlyst 36 as heterogeneous solid acid catalys has been studied. Alpha pinene isomerization reaction is a parallel reaction that produces several products of monocyclic and bicyclic isomers, such camphene, limonene, terpinolene, alpha-terpinene and gamma-terpinene, with camphene products as its main product. Parameters that influence on conversion of alpha-pinene were the reaction temperature, catalyst and reaction time. The isomerization alpha-pinene reaction was carried out in a stirred-batch reactor at a temperature range of 70 to100 celcius degree to obtain the kinetic data. The effect of catalyst concentration 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% on alpha-pinene conversion were also investigated. The experimental data was interpreted with a first order heterogeneous kinetic model involving the rate of mass transfer and the rate of reaction. The proposed kinetic model and the experimental data show a good agreement.Activation energy of 92.35 kJ/mol and impact factor of 20.511x105min-1were obtained in the range of temperature of 70 to 100 celcius degree. Optimum condition was obtained at 100 celcius degree and the weight of catalyst 2.5% weight of turpentine in the 240 minutes reaction time. In these conditions camphene product of 0.839 mol/L was obtained.

Kata Kunci : Turpentine, alpha-pinene, Camphene, Isomerization, Amberlyst 36, Kinetics.