POLITIK HILIRISASI KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA

GRIS SINTYA BERLIAN, Dr. Maharani Hapsari,MA

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengangkat permasalahan perkembangan hilirisasi kelapa sawit di Indonesia yang belum optimal karena belum mampu mengambil alih posisi Malaysia sebagai negara penghasil produk turunan CPO terbesar di dunia. Penelitian difokuskan pada faktor domestik dan internasional yang menyebabkan perkembangan hilirisasi kelapa sawit Indonesia belum optimal. Untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab domestik dan internasional, digunakan kerangka pemikiran tentang negara berdasarkan perspektif ekonomi politik institusionalis dan akses pasar internasional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan wawancara kepada institusi pemerintah dan asosiasi pengusaha kelapa sawit di Indonesia dalam jangka waktu kurang lebih enam bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab domestik bagi perkembangan hilirisasi kelapa sawit Indonesia yang belum optimal adalah ketidakmampuan pemerintah Indonesia berperan sebagai entrepreneur dan manager of conflicts. Sedangkan faktor penyebab internasional bagi perkembangan hilirisasi kelapa sawit Indonesia yang belum optimal adalah keterbatasan akses pasar internasional akibat kebijakan perdagangan yang diterapkan oleh negara tujuan ekspor.

The main objective of this research is to explore the politics of downstream palm oil industry in Indonesia which focuses on analyzing domestic and international factors. Those factors hold an important role in influencing the development that is considered not optimal. Methodologically, this research is using qualitative data analysis technique through data collected from library research and doing interviews with government officials and association in related industry for about six months. The result of this study indicates that incapability of the government as entrepreneur and manager of conflicts causes the development of Indonesian palm oil. As an entrepreneur, government incapability can be seen from the vision of palm oil industry which is unclear. Besides, there is no synergy between government and related agents in choosing instrument for the development of the industry. As a manager of conflicts, government incapability can be seen from its unclear solution for different perspective during development of downstream palm oil industry in Indonesia. More to the point, limited access for derivative products Indonesia in international market consider as an international factor that causes the development of downstream palm oil industry in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : pemerintah, Indonesia, entrepreneur, manager of conflicts, akses pasar internasional, kebijakan, perdagangan