SITOTOKSISITAS EKSTRAK Aspergillus fumigatus DARI DAUN MEKAI (Albertisia papuana Becc.) TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA T47D dan MCF-7

HASNA UL MARITSA, Prof. Dra. Soekarti Moeljopawiro, M.App, Sc. Ph.D

2015 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Metabolit sekunder akar Albertisia papuana Becc. (Mekai) telah diteliti bersifat sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Aktivitas metabolit sekunder akar A. papuana mungkin tidak hanya dihasilkan oleh metabolit tanaman inangnya namun dapat berasal dari metabolit sekunder endofit. Endofit dapat terdistribusi di seluruh organ tanaman, salah satunya adalah daun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan A. fumigatus dari daun A. papuana dan menganalisis kemampuan sitotoksisitasnya terhadap sel kanker payudara. Sampel daun A. papuana diperoleh dari Kebun Raya Bogor dan sel kanker T47D dan MCF-7 diperoleh dari Fakultas Kedokteran, UGM. Isolasi fungi dilakukan menggunakan medium water agar 2% yang ditambah ekstrak daun A. papuana. Metabolit sekunder diekstraksi dari produk fermentasi A. fumigatus pada medium Potato Dextrosa Broth menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan n-butanol. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan MTT (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. fumigatus berasosiasi dengan daun A. papuana. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki daya sitotoksik lebih baik dibandingkan n-butanol pada T47D dan MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut adalah 0,044 dan 0,049 mg/ml. Sedangkan IC50 n-butanol masingmasing sebesar 0,079 dan 0,117 mg/ml. Karakter A. fumigatus tersebut adalah koloni berwarna hijau dengan marginal berwarna putih. Hifa hialin, bersekat, bercabang, dan memiliki sel kaki. Konidia berukuran 2-3 μm yang berbentuk globose dan subglobose. Konidiofor berukuran 80 μm x 2,5 μm. Phialida berbentuk amphulliform dan berukuran 5 μm. Diameter vesikel adalah 15 μm x 18 μm, serta tidak memiliki metulae dan sklerotia.

The previous studies showed that the secondary metabolism of Albertisia papuana Becc. root have cytotoxicity on breast cancer. The A. papuana root cytotoxicity on breast cancer could not only be produced by plant secondary metabolism, but may be also by secondary metabolism of endophytes. Aspergillus fumigatus is one of endophytes that have anticancer agent. Endophytes can be distributed dynamically in whole of plant organ, one of them is leave. Therefore the objective of this studies were to know the presence of A. fumigatus in A. papuana leaves, and the cytotoxicity of their secondary metabolism on breast cancer cells. The sample of A. papuana were collected from Botanical Zoo of Bogor, while T47D and MCF-7 cell lines were obtained from Faculty of Medicine, UGM. Isolation of endophytes was done by growing leaves extract on water agar 2% medium. Secondary metabolism was extracted from fermented broth of A. fumigatus in ethyl acetat and n-butanol. The cytotoxicity was performed by MTT (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The result showed that A. fumigatus was associated with A. papuana leaves. Ethyl acetat extract from fermented both on T47D and MCF-7 cell lines had better (IC50. 0,044 mg/ml and 0,049 mg/ml) than n-butanol (IC50. 0,078 mg/ml and 0,117 mg/ml). The morfological character of A. fumigatus were greenish in colony colour and it’s white marginal colour. The hyphal was hyalin, aseptat, branched and had a foot cell. Conidia shapes were globose dan subglobose. The diameter of conidia was 2-3 μm. The length of conidiophore was 80 μm x 2,5 μm. Phialida shape was amphuliform. The lenght of phialida was 5 μm. The diameter vesicle was 15 μm x 18 μm, and have not metulae and sclerotia.

Kata Kunci : Aspergillus fumigatus, metabolit sekunder, Albertisia papuana Becc., sitotoksisitas, sel kanker payudara