PENYUSUNAN MODEL PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PERMUKIMAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

NASIRUDIN, DRS.,SU., Prof. Dr. Shalahuddin Djalal Tandjung, M.Sc

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Lingkungan

Penelitian ini mengambil judul ”Penyusunan Model Pengelolaan Sampah Pemukiman Berbasis Masyarakat di Kota Yogyakarta” dan bertujuan untuk pembuatan peta zona pengelolaan sampah permukiman berdasarkan tipe kegiatannya, yaitu pengolahan sampah (zona hijau), pemilahan sampah (zona kuning), tanpa pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah (zona merah). Menganalisis faktor-faktor lingkungan (sikap, partisipasi, program pemerintah, dan keberhasilan) pada zonasi hijau, kuning, dan merah serta menyusun model pengelolaan sampah permukiman berbasis masyarakat dengan pendekatan SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif, metode kualitatif digunakan untuk wawancara terhadap beberapa narasumber/orang kunci (key person), sementara metode kuantitatif dengan alat quesioner digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh program pemerintah (teknis dan non teknis), sikap, serta partisipasi masyarakat terhadap keberhasilan pengelolaan sampah. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan cara Stratified Randome Sampling, dengan mempertimbangkan klasifikasi permukiman yaitu tipe permanen, semi permanen dan non permanen. Analisis data menggunakan tabulasi silang dan menggunakan model persamaan (SEM) Structural Equation Modeling . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 3 klasifikasi zona pengelolaan sampah permukiman di Kota Yogyakarta yaitu zona hijau sudah mengolah sampah, zona kuning sudah melakukan pemilahan sampah dan zona merah belum melakukan pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah. Pemetaan pelaksanaan pengelolaan sampah permukiman berbasis masyarakat di Kota Yogyakarta meliputi : Zona hijau 6,81% (14 Kecamatan, 31 kelurahan , 35 RW), Zona kuning 11,96% (14 Kecamatan, 45 kelurahan, 89 RW) Zona merah 81,23% (14 kecamatan, 45 kelurahan dan 494 RW). Pengaruh antara variabel (program, sikap, partisipasi terhadap keberhasilan pengelolaan sampah permukiman) pada setiap model pengelolaan sampah permukiman (hijau, kuning dan merah) mempunyai kekuatan pengaruh yang signifikan dan juga tidak signifikan. Perbedaan pengaruh kekuatan pada setiap model zona tersebut , akan menjadi titik tolak perencanaan dan penguatan program pemerintah baik teknis maupun non teknis. Program pemerintah, baik teknis dan non teknis, sosialisasi pemberdayaan masyarakat tentang pengelolaan sampah perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dengan dilengkapi arah pengembangan yang jelas, sesuai model karakter tiap-tiap zona.

This study is entitled “Composing A Model of Community-Based Settlement Solid Waste Management in Yogyakarta City”. It is aimed at composing up of map the settlement solid waste based on three types of activities; they are solid waste treatment (green zone), solid waste selection (yellow zone), without selection and treatment (red zone). In this study, the environmental factors (behavior, participation, government program and accomplishment) on the green, yellow and red zone were analyzed and arranged into a model of a community-based by using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). This study used methods both quantitative and qualitative; the qualitative method was used for interviewing informants/ key persons while the quantitative method using questionnaire was used to find out the influence of the government program (technical and nontechnical), behavior, and community participation toward the solid waste management accomplishment. The samples were taken through Stratified Random Sampling by considering the house types; they are permanent, semi-permanent and non-permanent type. Data analysis was conducted by using cross tabulation and equation model of Structural Equation Model (SEM). At the end,this study finds that there are 3 zones of settlement solid waste in Yogyakarta City. They are the green zone with its waste management, the yellow zone with its waste selection, and the red zone without waste management and selection. Mapping of the community-based settlementsolid waste management in Yogyakarta city covers the Green Zone of 6.81% (14 sub districts, 31 villages, 35 RWs/neighborhoods), the Yellow Zone of 11.96% (14 sub districts, 45 villages, 89 RWs/neighborhoods), the Red Zone of 81.23% (14 sub districts, 45 villages, 494 RWs/neighborhoods). The influence among variables (program, behavior, participation toward the accomplishment of domestic waste management) in every model of domestic waste management (green, yellow, and red) has a significant and non-significantstrength of influence. The difference in strength of influence in each zone model will become a stepping stone for planning and strengthening the government program technically and non-technically. The government program, technically and non-technically, needs socialization for strengthening community for doing waste management continually with a clear development target based on the character of each zone.

Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan sampah, permukiman, berbasis masyarakat