EFEKTIVITAS BANGUNAN PENYELAMAT SEBAGAI UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA TSUNAMI DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

MUHAMMAD HAIQAL, Dr. Ir. Arif Kusumawanto, MT., IAI.; Ir. Soeleman Saragih, MT.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Hampir 60% wilayah Kota Banda Aceh dihantam tsunami diakhir 2004. Kini pasca bencana tsunami 2004 kebanyakan penduduk rentan kembali menghuni daerah pesisir dengan dataran rendah tersebut. Kebutuhan bangunan penyelamat tsunami sebagai tempat evakuasi tidak terelakkan sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami dimasa mendatang. Ada 5 bangunan penyelamat tsunami yang dibangun pasca bencana itu. Berkaitan dengan keberadaan bangunan penyelamat tsunami tersebut dianggap perlu untuk diteliti. Penelitian mengemukakan permasalahan bangunan penyelamat dengan mencari nilai efektivitasnya dalam upaya mitigasi. Selain itu juga mencari tahu sejauhmana bangunan penyelamat berfungsi dengan tepat sasaran. Tujuannya mengungkap efektivitas bangunan penyelamat sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami di Banda Aceh serta memaksimalkan fungsi bangunan penyelamat baik saat terjadi tsunami maupun pada saat sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif untuk menemukan nilai efektivitas dari bangunan penyelamat eksisting. Pengumpulan data lapangan diupayakan seinformatif mungkin dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan membagi kuisioner ke penduduk. Data kemudian di analisis dan dibahas dengan mengukur kriteria - kriteria terhadap kekuatan, kapasitas, aksesibilitas, eligibilitas dan visibilitas dari bangunan penyelamat tsunami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari kelima bangunan penyelamat tsunami di Kota Banda Aceh, Museum Tsunami Aceh adalah bangunan penyelamat dengan tingkat efektivitas paling tinggi, disusul Community Building/Escape Building Gampong Lambung, Kantor TDRMC - Unsyiah, Community Building/Escape Building Gampong Alue Deah Tengoh, Community Building/Escape Building Gampong Deah Glumpang. Namun keberadaan kelima bangunan penyelamat tersebut khususnya di Kecamatan Meuraxa hanya mampu menampung sekitar 1/4 (± 4500)penduduk 21.000 jiwa, itu tidak termasuk penduduk kecamatan lainnya. Untuk itu harus ada upaya penambahan terhadap kebutuhan bangunan penyelamat tentunya dengan konsep bangunan multi fungsi.

Nearly 60% of the city of Banda Aceh was hit by the tsunami at the end of 2004. Now, after the 2004 tsunami disaster, most vulnerable people back to inhabit coastal areas in the lowlands. The need for tsunami evacuation buildings are inevitable, such as the evacuation place to mitigate the earthquake and tsunami in the future. There are 5 tsunami evacuation buildings was built after the disaster. With regard to the existence of the tsunami evacuation buildings are necessary to do the research. This research suggests problems with the tsunami evacuation building to find the value of its effectiveness in mitigation of tsunami disaster efforts. In addition, find out how far the the tsunami evacuation building function right on target. The goal is to uncover the effectiveness of tsunami evacuation buildings in an effort to mitigate the tsunami in Banda Aceh, as well as to maximize the functions of tsunami evacuation buildings, both when the during the tsunami or during the day usually. This research used quantitative the research methods, to find the value of the effectiveness of existing tsunami evacuation building. Field data collection effort as completely as possible by observation, interviews and questionnaires to divide the population. The data was then be analyzed and discussed with the measure criterias of strength, capacity, accessibility, eligibility and visibility of tsunami evacuation buildings. Research results show on the five tsunami evacuation buildings in Banda Aceh, Aceh Tsunami Museum is a tsunami evacuation building with the highest level of effectiveness, followed by the Community Building / Escape Building the Lambung Village, Office TDRMC - Unsyiah, Community Building / Escape Building in Alue of Deah Tengoh Village, Community Building / Escape Building in Deah Glumpang Village. However the presence of five tsunami evacuation buildings is especially in Meuraxa District only able to accommodate about 1/4 (± 4500) population of 21,000 inhabitants, it does not include population other districts. For that there must be increase development efforts to the needs of tsunami evacuation buildings course with the concept of multi-functional building.

Kata Kunci : bangunan penyelamat tsunami, mitigasi bencana tsunami, Banda Aceh; tsunami evacuation building, mitigation of tsunami disaster, Banda Aceh