STRATEGI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGHADAPI ABRASI DAN GELOMBANG PASANG DI PESISIR KECAMATAN KRAGAN KABUPATEN REMBANG

FITTRI YANI SUMIRAT, M. Sani Rochansyah, ST., M.Eng., D.Eng.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Kecamatan Kragan, Kabupaten Rembang rawan oleh abrasi dan gelombang pasang. Resiko bencana dipengaruhi oleh bahaya, kerentanan dan kapasitas masyarakat. Bahaya pesisir dipengaruhi proses dinamis pantai. Masyarakat pesisir Kragan terdiri dari nelayan, petani dan petambak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi, coping dan adaptasi masyarakat terhadap ancaman bahaya pesisir di Kecamatan Kragan. Pendekatan penelitian deduktif, dengan mixed method. Materi penelitian meliputi masyarakat pesisir dan stakeholder terkait. Lokasi penelitian meliputi 13 desa sepanjang pesisir Kragan yang terdampak bahaya pesisir, yang dibedakan menjadi desa nelayan dan desa non nelayan. Sampling sistem purposive dengan tujuan menggali informasi yang dapat memenuhi tujuan penelitian. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi, kuesioner, dan wawancara. Data sekunder meliputi data kejadian abrasi dan gelombang pasang, data kerusakan, data penanganan bencana, serta data karakteristik perairan dan fisik sosial pesisir. Analisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan cross tabulasi. Untuk data wawancara dan observasi dianalisa secara deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan jenis bahaya pesisir berupa abrasi, akresi, dan gelombang pasang. Kerusakan dibedakan dalam kerusakan lahan, permukiman dan fasilitas umum. Factor resiko tinggi dengan indikator tingkat kerugian dan kapasitas masyarakat. Persepsi masyarakat secara kognisi menunjukkan adanya pemahaman terhadap ancaman abrasi dan gelombang pasang, secara afeksi menunjukkan perasaan terganggu, secara konasi menunjukkan adanya coping dan adaptasi. Coping fisik secara umum membuat penahan ombak sementara, secara ekonomi menggunakan uang simpanan dan libur bekerja, secara sosial melakukan gotong royong. Adaptasi masyarakat di desa nelayan cenderung secara perilaku, sedangkan masyarakat di desa non nelayan cenderung secara fisik. Adaptasi terhadap ancaman abrasi lebih dipengaruhi oleh jenis pekerjaan dibandingkan dengan pendidikan dan pendapatan masyarakat.

Kragan District, Rembang Regency, can be categorized as susceptible to abrasion and tidal wave. In general, disaster risk is influenced by hazard, vulnerability and capacity. Coastal hazard itself is more correlates with coastal dynamic processes. Coastal community of Kragan District in general composed by fishermen, farmers and fishpond farmers. This research are aimed to analyze community’s perception, coping and adaptation due to coastal hazard in Kragan District. Deductive method combined with mixed method were used in this research. Respondents covers coastal community and related stakeholders. The study area encompassed 13 coastal villages of Kragan District which affected by coastal hazard, divided into fishing villages and non-fishing villages. Purposive sampling was applied in order to obtain information from respondents. Primary data was collected through field observation, questionnaires and interview. While secondary data covers information on events of abrasion and tidal wave, information on damage resulted, disaster management, information on coastal characteristic and social condition. Descriptive quantitative through data cross tabulation was performed in order to analyse data from questionnaires. While descriptive qualitative was applied to analyse data from interview and field observation. Coastal hazard in form of abrasion, as well as accretion, and tidal wave can be identified during the research phase. Damage resulted mainly affected on land, settlement and public facility. Risk factor can be identified as high level with indicator on loss and community’s capacity. Community’s perception in form of cognitive aspect showed that risk on abrasion and tidal wave can be well identified by community. While from affection aspect, the community felt that they already disturbed by the phenomenon. Furthermore, from konasi aspect, the community has already generated coping and adaptation strategy. Community has installed temporary breakwater as physical coping. While in economic coping, they have used saving and work off. Then communal work has been implemented as form of social coping. As the further respon, the community of fishing villages has developed adjustment. On the other hand, reaction has been developed by community in non-fishing villages. Adaptation strategy on abrasion, in general is more influenced by occupation type, rather than education level and income level.

Kata Kunci : bahaya pesisir, masyarakat, persepsi, coping, adaptasi