Larvicidal Effect of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) Essential Oil Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

VANESSA TRIZIA, dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc, Ph.D ; Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt., MS.

2015 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Filariasis, atau kaki gajah, telah dikenal sebagai masalah kesehatan dunia. Penyakit ini paling sering disebabkan oleh patogen Wuchereria bancrofti, dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus. Patogen dan vektor ini tersebar luas di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Pemutusan rantai transmisi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan larvisida. Larvisida berbahan kimia menetap di lingkungan dalam periode yang cukup lama dan dapat mempengaruhi makhluk hidup lainnya, maka dari itu pengembangan larvisida natural sangatlah penting. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efek larvisida minyak vetiver pada larva Cx. quinquefasciatus. Tujuan: Menguji efek larvisida minyak vetiver terhadap larva Cx. quinquefasciatus, menetapkan dosis efektif, dan menentukan hubungan antara dosis dan mortalitas larva. Metode: Berbagai dosis dari minyak vetiver dipaparkan pada instar 3 dan 4 larva Culex quinquefasciatus selama 24 jam di bawah kondisi yang telah distandardisasi. Hasil: LC50 dan LC90 dari minyak vetiver yaitu 339.83 dan 1102.40 ppm. Kenaikan dosis akan menyebabkan kenaikan mortalitas larva. Kesimpulan: Minyak vetiver tidak cukup efektif dalam membunuh larva Cx. quinquefasciatus dalam setting laboratorium dengan LC50 dan LC90 masing-masing 339.83 dan 1102.40 ppm. Kenaikan dosis menyebabkan kenaikan mortalitas larva.

Background: Filariasis is known as global health problem. Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito is the major vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, the most common pathogen in filariasis infestation cases. Both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Wuchereria bancrofti are widely distributed in South East Asia. Discontinuation of transmission chain can be done by using larvicide. Chemical larvicide will persist in the ecosystem for a long period of time and affect other organisms. Hence, developing an effective natural based larvicide that is environment friendly is important. This research investigated potential use Vetiveria zizanioides essential oil against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Objective: To investigate potential larvicidal effect of vetiver oil against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae, effective concentration causing mortality, and relationship between concentration and larvae mortality. Method: Varying concentrations of vetiver essential oil were introduced to 3rd and 4th instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae for 24 hours under standardized conditions. Results: The LC50 and LC90 of vetiver oil were 339.83 and 1102.40 ppm, respectively. Increasing the concentration of vetiver oil will increase larval mortality. Conclusion: Vetiveria zizanioides essential oil is not an effective larvicide against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in laboratory settings with LC50 and LC90 of 339.83 ppm and 1102.40 ppm, and increasing its concentration causes increasing larvae mortality.

Kata Kunci : Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, Vetiveria zizanioides, vetiver essential oil, larvicidal effect.