HUBUNGAN JARAK DAN KONDISI FISIK SUMBER PENCEMAR TERHADAP KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR SUMUR GALI DI SEKITAR KANDANG TERNAK DI DUKUH JETIS JOGOPATEN KECAMATAN SLEMAN
DARMIATI, Prof.Dr.dr. KRT. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.
2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: Sumur gali merupakan salah satu sumber penyediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat di pedesaan, maupun perkotaan. Kualitas air sumur gali dapat tercemar oleh bermacam-macam faktor, diantaranya oleh limbah rumah tangga/industri, sampah, feses manusia serta keberadaan kandang ternak yang berdekatan dengan rumah dan sumur gali. Pencemaran tersebut akan menurunkan kualitas lingkungan sehingga dapat menyebabkan pencemaran air sumur gali dan timbulnya water borne disease. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui hubungan jarak dan kondisi fisik sumber pencemar terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali di sekitar kandang ternak di Dukuh Jetis Jogopaten Kecamatan Sleman. Metode penelitian: Menggunakan metode penelitian Observasional dengan rancangan Cross Sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah sumur gali warga yang di sekitarnya terdapat kandang ternak. Pemeriksaan bakteriologis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda MPN (Most Probable Number). Besar sampel 40 sumur gali, pemilihan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan uji laboratorium. Analisis data bivariat dengan Chi Square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik, taraf signifikan α = 0,05 dan confidence interval 95%. Hasil: Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan 32 sampel air sumur gali (80%) memiliki kualitas bakteriologis air yang tidak memenuhi syarat (>50 coliform/100 ml) dan hanya 8 sampel air sumur gali (20%) memiliki kualitas bakteriologis yang memenuhi syarat. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa jarak jamban, jarak SPAL dan kondisi fisik jamban tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali (p>0.05) dan ada hubungan antara jarak kandang, kondisi fisik sumur gali, kondisi fisik SPAL dan kondisi fisik kandang terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali (p<0.05). Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jarak kandang merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali dengan nilai odds ratio 31.719 dan nilai p=0.017. Kesimpulan: Jarak kandang, kondisi fisik sumur gali, kondisi fisik SPAL dan kondisi fisik kandang mempengaruhi kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali dan jarak kandang merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali. Perbaikan kondisi fisik sumur, kondisi fisik sumber pencemar (SPAL dan kandang) serta pengaturan jarak kandang yang tepat akan mengurangi risiko pencemaran air sumur gali.
Background: Dug wells are the main source of water supply for the people in rural and urban areas. The quality of dug well water can be contaminated by a variety of factors, including household and industrial waste, garbage, human feces and the existence of cattle sheds adjacent to the house and dug wells. The pollution degrades the quality of the environment, causing water contamination in dug wells, therefore creating a breeding place for water borne diseases. Objective: To determine the relationship between distance and the physical condition of the sources of pollution in the bacteriological quality of well water around cattle sheds in Hamlet Jetis Jogopaten District of Sleman. Methods: The study was conducted by observational methods combined with cross sectional design techniques. Subject wells were in close proximity to cattle sheds and corrals. Bacteriological examinations were conducted by the MPN method (Most Probable Number). Large samples of 40 wells, sample selections by purposive sampling. The data collected through observation and laboratory testing. Bivariate data analysis with chi square and multivariate analysis using logistic regression, the significant level α = 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Laboratory examination showed 32 wells (80%) had bateriological water quality that does not meet sanitary health requirements (>50coliform/100ml) and only 8 wells (20%) had acceptable bacteriological quality. Bivariate test results showed that the latrine distance, drain distance and physical condition of latrines is not related to the bacteriological quality of water wells (p>0.05). But there is a relationship between the distance of the cattle shed to the well, the physical condition of wells, physical drain conditions and physical conditions of the cattle shed to the bacteriological quality of well water (p<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the distance of the cattle shed is the most influential variable on the bacteriological quality of water wells with an odds ratio of 31.719 and a value of p = 0.017. Conclusion: Distance from the cattle sheds, physical condition of the wells, physical conditions of the drain and physical conditions of the cattle shed all affect the bacteriological quality of well waters. The distance from the cattle shed is the dominant factor in the quality of dug well water. Renovation of the physical conditions of the well, the drains and the cattle sheds, and proper distance of the cattle shed from the well will reduce the risk of contamination.
Kata Kunci : kondisi fisik sumur, jamban, SPAL, kandang ternak, jarak sumber pencemar, kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali
