Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) dan Eubacterium Rectale Terhadap Ekspresi Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Pada TIkus Wistar yang Diinduksi Streptozotosin dan Nikotinamida

YUNARDI SINGGO, Dr.Dra.Sunarti, M.Kes; dr. Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Ph.D.

2015 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang. Diabetes mellitus adalah suatu sindrom metabolik ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Prevalensi DM-II meningkat dari tahun demi tahun. Penanganan lini pertama untuk DM-II adalah modifikasi gaya hidup, terutama modifikasi pola makan. Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) adalah tanaman sejenis umbi yang memiliki kadar serat dan pati resisten yang tinggi. Serat dan pati resisten akan difermentasi menjadi Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) oleh Eubacterium rectale. Short chain fatty acid memiliki efek antihiperglikemia dan diharapkan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan meningkatkan ekspresi Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) pada tikus model DM-II. Tujuan Penelitian. Mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian tepung gembili dan Eubacterium rectale terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa dan ekspresi gen GLP1 di ileum tikus wistar model DM-II. Metode. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimental posttest only control group. 25 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dikelompokkan menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari: (1) kelompok tikus sehat, (2) kelompok tikus DM tanpa perlakuan, (3) kelompok tikus DM diberi Eubacterium rectale 108CFU/hari, (4) kelompok tikus DM diberi tepung gembili 2,5g/hari, (5) kelompok tikus DM diberi kombinasi tepung gembili dan Eubacterium rectale. Kelompok dua sampai dengan 5 diinduksi DM-II dengan STZ 60 mg/kgBB dan NA 120 mg/kgBB sebelum diberi perlakuan. Perlakuan diberikan selama 28 hari. Kadar glukosa darah puasa diperiksa dengan metode kolorimetrik enzimatik GOD-PAP. Ekspresi gen GLP1 diperiksa melalui Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Data dilaporkan dalam bentuk rerata ± simpang baku dan dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil. Kadar glukosa darah puasa mengalami penurunan pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan (K3-K5) dan berbeda makna (p<0,05). Ekspresi gen GLP1 pada kelompok yang diberi Eubacterium rectale saja paling tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lainnya, namun tidak berbeda makna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Pemberian Eubacterium rectale 108CFU/hari dan tepung gembili 2,5g/hari dapat pada tikus wistar model DM-II dapat meningkatkan ekspresi gen GLP1 di ileum.

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome that manifest with hyperglycemia. The prevalence DM-II has increased year after year. The first line therapy of DM-II is lifestyle modification, focused on dietary change. Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is kinds of yam that contains high dietary fiber and resistant starch. Dietary fiber and resistant starch would be fermented to Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) by Eubacterium rectale. Short chain fatty acid has antihyperglycemic effect and is expected to decrease fasting blood sugar and increase GLP1 expression in ileum of type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Aim. Evaluating the benefits of gembili and Eubacterium rectale on fasting blood sugar and ileal GLP1 gene expression of type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Methods. This study used quasi experimental with posttest only control group design. 25 male Wistar rats were grouped into 5 group: (1) healthy rat group, (2) Diabetic rat group, (3) Diabetic rat group received Eubacterium rectale 108CFU/day, (4) diabetic rats group received 2,5g/day gembili, (5) Diabetic rats group receive combination gembili and Eubacterium rectale. Group 2 till 5 were induced with STZ 60 mg/kgBB and NA 120 mg/kgBB before receiving treatment. Gembili & Eubacterium rectale were given for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose level was measured using GOD-PAP method. GLP1 gene expression was analyzed using Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Data were reported into means ± standard deviation and analyzed with one-way ANOVA with significance level p<0.05. Result. Fasting blood glucose of group 3-5 were reduced significantly, compared to diabetic rats control group (p<0.05). GLP1 gene expression of group 3-5 increased, with group receiving only Eubacterium rectale had the highest level compared with other group. However, there was no significant difference between groups. (p>0.05). Conclusion. Administration of Eubacterium rectale 108CFU/day and gembili 2,5g/day could increase ileal GLP1 gene expression on type 2 diabetic rats.

Kata Kunci : Gembili, Eubacterium rectale, DM-II, GLP1, Glukosa darah puasa.