SEX DIFFERENCES IN ANTI-HBS LEVELS OF HEPATITIS B VACCINATED CHILDREN AGED 1-14 YEARS OLD: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

ANINDITA DIANRATRI, dr. Didik Setyo Heriyanto., Ph.D., Sp.PA; dr. Vita Yanti Anggraeni.,M.Sc., Ph.D., Sp.PD

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Vaksinasi Hepatitis B telah lama diberlakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia sejak tahun 1997 dan sudah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari vaksinasi tersebut. Banyak hal yang dapat mempengaruhi imunogenisitas vaksin hepatitis B, salah satunya adalah jenis kelamin. Beberapa penelitian dari negara luar menyebutkan bahwa jenis kelamin mempengaruhi efektivitas vaksin, namun ada beberapa penelitian pula yang menyebutkan sebaliknya. Selain itu, penelitian mengenai hepatitis B, khususnya mengenai efek gender di Yogyakarta sangat terbatas. Objective: untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan perbedaan anti-HBs titer pada anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang telah divaksinasi Hepatitis B di Rumah Sakit Empat Lima, Yogyakarta Metode penelitian: studi ilmiah yang dipakai adalah Cross-Sectional yang dilakukan pada tahun 2010 pada anak-anak berusia 1-14 tahun yang telah divaksinasi oleh vaksin Hepatitis B di Rumah Sakit Empat Lima, Yogyakarta. Subjek dipilih menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Riwayat vaksinasi diperoleh dari kartu vaksinasi atau dengan ingatan orang tua apabila tidak ada kartu vaksinasi. Anti-HBs dan HBsAg kemudian diteliti. Subjek dengan anti-HBs more than or equal to 10 IU/L dan negatif terhadap HBsAg akan dimasukkan dalam analisis akhir. Subjek dibagi dalam 3 kategori berdasarkan umur: grup A (1-5 tahun), grup B (>5-10 tahun), dan grup C (>10-14 tahun). T-test dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan signifikan antara subjek laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian: Seratus subjek dipilih dalam analisis akhir. Diantara subjek tersebut, 79% memiliki anti-HBs more than or equal to 10-100 IU/L (responden rendah), 18% memiliki >100-1000 IU/L (responden cukup), dan 3% memiliki >1000 IU/L (responden tinggi). Tidak ada perbedaan berarti antara subjek laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hubungan dengan anti-HBs titer (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini konsisten dengan studi yang menyebutkan tidak adanya perbedaan berarti antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam aspek anti-HBs titer.

Background: Hepatitis B vaccination has been around a long time since the first establishment of universal coverage in 1997 by Indonesian government. The efficacy of it has been studied and observed. Factors influencing its immunogenicity has also been identified, one of which is gender. Studies from other countries found to be contradicted to one another as some concluded that gender played bigger role in its immunogenicity while others did not see much of differences. Furthermore, studies about hepatitis B vaccination in Yogyakarta, especially in gender comparison, are limited. Objective: To evaluate and compare the difference of anti-HBs titers in hepatitis B vaccinated children between females and males, in Empat Lima Pediatric Hospital, Yogyakarta. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 among hepatitis B vaccinated children aged 1-14 years in Empat Lima Pediatric Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The subjects were selected using consecutive sampling. Vaccination history was proven by vaccination card (when available) or parent recall. Anti-HBs and HBsAg were measured. Only subjects with anti-HBs more than or equal to 10 IU/L and negative HBsAg will be included in the study. Subjects were divided into three categories based on their age: group A (1-5 year old), group B (>5-10 year old), and group C (>10-14 year old). T-test was performed to analyze statistical difference between males and females in the aspect of anti-HBs titers. Results: One hundred participants aged 1-14 year old were included into final analysis. Among the participants, 79% developed anti-HBs more than or equal to 10-100 IU/L (low responder), 18% developed >100-1000 IU/L (adequate responder), and 3% developed >1000 IU/L (high responder). There was no significant difference between males and females in the aspect of anti-HBs titers (p>0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study was consistent with previous studies, which was no significant difference found between males and females anti-HBs titers.

Kata Kunci : gender, anti-HBs titers, Hepatitis B vaccine, children