Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens) sebagai Larvisida untuk Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

MARELLA ALEXANDRA VANIA JOVITA, Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, S.U; dr. Ernaningsih, DTM&H., M.Kes

2015 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang, Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. Vektor utama DBD di Indonesia adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penggunaan insektisida kimia (sintetik) dapat menimbulkan resistensi vektor, terbunuhnya target bukan sasaran, residu insektisida, dan pencemaran lingkungan. Seledri (Apium graveolens) memiliki banyak kandungan flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Oleh karena itu, daun seledri memiliki potensi sebagai larvisida alami terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Tujuan, Mengetahui efek larvisida ekstrak etanol daun seledri (Apium graveolens) terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun seledri dengan kematian larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Metode, Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan post test only control group design. Uji pendahuluan dilakukan dengan 6 kelompok perlakuan dan 2 kelompok kontrol, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 10 larva. Setelah 24 jam paparan, diamati kematian dari larva 10-90%. Pada pengujian akhir ditentukan 9 variasi konsentrasi berdasar hasil uji pendahuluan. Pengujian akhir dilakukan 3 kali uji. Kematian larva dihitung setelah 24 jam dan dianalisis dengan analisis Probit. Hasil, Didapatkan nilai LC50 dan LC90 pada konsentrasi 639,3086 ppm dan 2822,273 ppm. Respon larva bersifat heterogen insignificant dengan garis regresi Y=-0,5764399 + 1,987532 X Kesimpulan, Ekstrak etanol daun seledri memiliki efek larvisida terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Ada hubungan antara peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun seledri dengan peningkatkan kematian larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti.

Background, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still one of the most health problems in Indonesia. Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of DHF in Indonesia. The use of chemical (synthetic) insecticide may result vector resistant, death of non-target, insecticide residue, and environmental pollution. Celery (Apium graveolens) contains of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Thus, celery leaf has potential as natural larvicide against Ae. aegypti larvae. Objective, To explore the larvicidal effect of celery leaf (Apium graveolens) against Ae. aegypti larvae. To find out the relation between concentration and mortality of larvae. Method, This research was quasi experimental with post test only control group design. Initial test was held with 6 treatment groups and 2 control groups, each groups consisted of 10 larvae. After 24 hours of exposure, 10-90% mortality of larva was counted. In the final test, 9 variances of concentration were determined based on result of initial test. Final test was replicated 3 times. The mortality of larvae was counted after 24 hours of exposure and the data was analyzed using Probit analysis. Result, The LC50 and LC90 values were 639,3086 ppm and 2822,273 ppm. Larvae responses to the exposure were heterogen insignificant with line regression Y=-0,5764399 + 1,987532 X Conclusion, Ethanol extract of celery leaf has larvicidal effect against larvae of Ae. aegypti. There is correlation between the increase of its concentration and the increase of larvae mortality.

Kata Kunci : Demam Berdarah Dengue, Aedes aegypti, larvisida, seledri (Apium graveolens)