PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica sp.) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN MEMORI SPASIAL PASCASTRES LISTRIK KRONIS Kajian pada Tikus Putih (Sprague Dawley) dengan Pengukuran Persentase Waktu di Kuadran Target Uji Morris Water Maze dengan Dosis 300mg/kgBB/hari dan 600mg/kgBB/hari

YULIA NOVITA, dr. Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari, M.Kes., PA (K) , Dra. Sri Suharmi, Apt., MS.

2015 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang: Stres dapat menurunkan memori. Pegagan (Centella asiatica sp.) dapat mencegah penurunan memori akibat stres kronis karena memiliki efek neurotropik dan neuroprotektif. Penelitian mengenai dosis pemberian pegagan yang efektif masih terus berlanjut. Tujuan: Mengungkapkan pengaruh variasi dosis ekstrak pegagan terhadap memori pascastres listrik kronis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true experimental with pretest-posttest control. Subjek 15 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan usia 1 bulan dibagi kedalam 3 kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Setiap kelompok diberi perlakuan pemberian stres listrik kronis selama 4 minggu dan aquades (KN), ekstrak Centella asitica 300mg/kgBB/hari (KP1) atau ekstrak Centella asitica 600mg/kgBB/hari (KP2). Pengukuran memori tikus dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Untuk mengukur memori tikus digunakan pengukuran persentase waktu di kuadran target dengan uji probe Morris Water Maze. Waktu di kuadran target diukur dengan stopwatch digital dengan ketelitian 0,1 detik. Normalitas data diuji dengan Shapiro-Wilk, homogenitas data diuji dengan Levene test, uji one-way ANOVA untuk membandingkan perbedaan antar kelompok, dilanjutkan dengan analisis post hoc. Untuk membandingkan memori sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dilakukan paired t-test. Hasil: Rerata persentase waktu di kuadran target sebelum perlakuan adalah 53,49±4,40% (KN); 53,57±4,60% (KP1) dan 56,96±4,80% (KP2). Rerata persentase waktu di kuadran target sesudah perlakuan adalah 54,39±3,77% (KN); 61,40±3,83% (KP1) dan 73,60±3,13% (KP2). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna setelah perlakuan antara KN-KP2 (p=0,003) dan KP1-KP2 (p=0,033). Sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan terdapat perbedaan memori yang signifikan (p=0,035) pada KP2. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol pegagan mampu meningkatkan persentase waktu di kuadran target pada uji probe Morris Water Maze pascastres listrik kronis. Variasi dosis ekstrak etanol pegagan berpengaruh terhadap persentase waktu di kuadran target, dimana ekstrak etanol pegagan 600mg/kgBB/hari mampu meningkatkan persentase waktu dikuadran target lebih tinggi dibanding dosis 300mg/kgBB/hari.

Background: Stress is known to cause deterioration of memory function. Centella asiatica sp. (pegagan) inhibit deterioration of memory function which caused by chronic electrical stress with its neurotropic and neuroprotective properties. Studies about effective dose of Centtela asiatica still continued. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract dose variation towards memory after chronic electrical stress. Method: This study uses that true experimental with pretest-posttest control design. Subjects are 15 male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into three groups. Every groups are treated with chronic electrical stress for 4 weeks and aquades (KN), 300mg/kgBW/day of Centella asiatica (KP1) or 600mg/kgBW/day of Centella asiatica (KP2). The rats memory was measured before and after treatment. The time percentege in target quadrant which measured from probe test Morris Water Maze was used to measure rats memory. Time percentage in target quadrant measured with digital stopwatch. Shapiro-Wilk is used to observe the normality of distribution, Levene test is used to observe homogenous of data, and one-way ANOVA test to compare the measure between different groups, followed by post hoc analysis. Paired t-test used to compare pretest and posttest effects. Result: The average of time percentage in target quadrant before treatment are 53,49±4,40% (KN); 53,57±4,60% (KP1) dan 56,96±4,80% (KP2). The average of time percentage in target quadrant after treatment are 54,39±3,77% (KN); 61,40±3,83% (KP1) dan 73,60±3,13% (KP2). There were significant differences after treatment among KN-KP2 (p=0,003) and KP1-KP2 (p=0,033). There was significant difference between before and after treatment in KP2 (p=0,035). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaf is able to increase time percentage in target quadrant from probe test Morris Water Maze after chronic electrical stress. Variation of Centella asiatica doses is able to influence time percentage in target quadrant, doses 600mg/kgBW/day could stimulate increasing time percentage in target quadrant higher than doses 300mg/kgBW/day.

Kata Kunci : Centella asiatica, stres listrik kronis, memori, Morris water maze / Centella asiatica, chronic electrical stress, memory, Morris water maze