DAHULUKAN SELAMAT: Studi Tentang Siasat dan Strategi Nelayan di Teluk Maumere

RIKARDUS DENDI DUGARDI, Dr.G.R. Lono Lastoro Simatupang, MA.

2015 | Tesis | S2 ILMU ANTROPOLOGI

Artikel ini menggambarkan hubungan nelayan Lampara dalam bingkai patronklien dan reflektif teoritis terhadap pendekatan patron-klien. Di mana hubungan antara ABK dan juragan, penuh dengan siasat dan strategi. Siasat ABK dilakukan dengan siasat produktif dan siasat nonproduktif. Untuk siasat produktif menunjuk kepada cara-cara siasat seperti gendong dan mengambil ikan, menjadi ABK tetap, berpindah-pindah Lampara, melibatkan anggota keluarga lain, menjadi nelayan lain, berdagang dan bekerja sampingan. Sedangkan siasat nonproduktif mencakup gosib, teguran, ancaman, sumpah serapah, pemukulan, juga tidak menyusun pukat dan tidak ikut Lampara. Strategi juragan, menyangkut dengan strategi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dan melipatgandakan keuntungan, juga untuk mencegah atau berkurangnya keuntungan. Untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dan melipatgandakan keuntungan, juragan menjaga kualitas dan memperbanyak alat produksi, mengikat ABK, berdagang, membagi hasil dengan sesuka hati dan penipuan. Sedangkan untuk mencegah atau berkurangnya keuntungan, juragan melakukan janji palsu, membagikan ikan dan membiarkan ABK tertentu mengambil ikan, gosib, amarah, caci maki dan pemukulan, juga “menjual ABK”. Untuk refleksi teoritis menunjukan bahwa pendekatan patron-klien sulit diterapkan, ada masalah dalam penelitian dan memerlukan waktu yang lama walaupun sangat bermanfaat untuk antropologi dan kepentingan masyarakat marginal dan untuk pengambilan kebijakan dalam pembangunan. Pendekatan patron-klien ini sebaiknya diterapkan dalam paradigma pelaku (actor-oriented approach) yang dapat menunjukan strategi patron dan siasat klien untuk mengisi kelemahan paradigma fungsional-struktural yang hanya menampilkan deskripsi secara umum.

Fishing no longer uses the simple capture tool technology. Modernization of the capture tool which cannot be separated from the Government, banks, investiments and social networking, as well as the hard work allows fishing have Lampara. In the operation of Lampara, fishing build a client-patron relationship, between juragan, the owner of Lampara with ship crews as exploitive system work that causes crew members make their tactic and the juragan hare their strategy. There are undoubtedly the same in harmony to give priority to the safety of themselves and their families. This research aimed to understand the strategy practiced by ship members, the strategy committed to confront major ploy by ship members, and also provide a more anthropological understanding of reflective of the patron-client. This research use qualitative method to describe the ship crew tactic and the Lampara juragan strategy, and also patron-client relationship that conducted via observation and interviews to obtain primary data. The secondary data ware obtained from the literature and the media. The information in the interview obtained from crew members, juragan, and their wives. The result analysis and data show that crew members tactic done by productive and non productive tactic. A productive tactic pointed on how to finesse as pickaback and taking fish, become fixed crew members, moves to other Lampara, involving the members other families, being another fishing, merchants and aside work. While the tactic of non productive include gossip, strikes, threats, beatings, not compiled a trawl, and did not join Lampara. Strategy juragan, in regard to strategy to gain advantage and redouble advantage, also to prevent or decrease profits. To do the first, juragan keeping quality, multiply the means of production, bind crew members, trades, divide result with enormously and fraud. And for the second, jurgan did the false promises, sharing the fish, and let them take a particular fish, gossip, rage, diatribe and licking, also sell crew members. The reflection theoretical show that approach patron-client difficult to be applied.There are problems in the field and require a long time despite is very useful to anthropology, and the interests of the underprivileged and for making policy in development. Patron-client approach should be applied in the paradigm of the offender who can show a client tactic and strategy patrons to fill weaknesses functional-structural paradigm that just displays the description in general.

Kata Kunci : nelayan Lampara, siasat ABK, strategi juragan, patron-klien