Perbandingan Peran Pemerintah dalam Transportasi Publik di Malaysia dan Indonesia, Studi Kasus Sektor Kereta Api
YOHANES OKTAMA ARDITO, Prof. Dr. Budi Winarno, MA
2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONALTransportasi publik adalah seluruh alat transportasi di mana penumpang tidak bepergian menggunakan kendaraannya sendiri. Transportasi publik umumnya termasuk kereta dan bis, namun juga termasuk pelayanan maskapai penerbangan, feri, taxi, dan lain-lain. Transportasi publik yang sering digunakan di berbagai negara adalah kereta api. Kereta api adalah sarana transportasi berupa kendaraan dengan tenaga gerak, baik berjalan sendiri maupun dirangkaikan dengan kendaraan lainnya, yang akan ataupun sedang bergerak di rel; moda transportasi dengan multi keunggulan komparatif: hemat lahan dan energi, rendah polusi, bersifat massal, adaptif dengan perubahan teknologi, yang memasuki era kompetisi, potensinya diharapkan dapat dimobilisasi dalam skala nasional, sehingga mampu menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif terhadap produksi dan jasa domestik dipasar global. Kereta Api di Indonesia dikelola oleh PT.Kereta Api Indonesia atau, yang dimiliki oleh negara atau BUMN. Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki peran yang sangat besar dalam perkeretaapian di Indonesia melalui Dirjen Perkeretaapian, yaitu pendanaan untuk membangun rel baru atau rel untuk jalur ganda, pembelian lokomotif baru, pembelian gerbong kelas ekonomi K3, subsidi tiket ekonomi melalui PSO atau Public Service Operation. Kereta api di Malaysia dikelola oleh KTMB atau Kereta Tanah Melayu Berhad, yang juga dimiliki oleh Negara. Tugas perkeretaapian di Malaysia terbagi dalam beberapa departemen, yakni Kementrian Pengangkutan Malaysia atau Ministry of Transport, Perbadanan Aset Keretapi, Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat yang memiliki tanggung jawab yang berbeda.
Public transportation comprises modes of transportation in which one does not use their personal vehicle. Examples of public transportation are bus and railroad transportation, but also included are flight, ferry, taxi, stc. Rail transportation is one of many types of public transportation currently available in many countries. Trains used in rail transportation are powered by kinetic energy propelling or pulling one or multiple cars at a time, which cars move or are to move on railways. This mode of transportation holds multiple comparative advantages: it does not need a great amount of land and energy, produces little polution, is suited for mass-transportation and is quite adaptive to technological changes. In age of cut-throat competition, it is hoped that benefits provided by rail transportation can be enjoyed on a national scale, in order to create a competitive advantage for domestic products and services in the global market. Indonesian rail transportation is managed by PT Kereta Api Indonesia or KAI, a government-owned company. Indonesian government plays a great role in Indonesian rail industry through its Dirjen Perkeretaapian or Directorate-General of Rail Transportation, exemplified in its financing construction of new railtracks or double-lane railtracks, buying new locomotives, buying new economy class train cars K3 and subsidizing economy class passenger fees through PSO or Public Service Operation. Malaysian rail transportation is managed by KTMB or Kereta Tanah Melayu Berhad, which, like its Indonesian counterpart, is government-owned. However, the running of Malaysian rail transportation is carried out by several departments, namely the Ministry of Transport or Kementrian Pengangkutan Malaysia, the Railway Assets Corporation or Perbadanan Aset Keretapi and the Land Public Transport Commission or Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat, each of whom assume different responsibilities.
Kata Kunci : rail transportation, public policy, government, law, political system, Indonesia, Malaysia.
