Radikalisme Gerakan Lingkungan. Studi Kasus: The Sea Shepherd dalam Kampanye Anti-Penangkapan Paus.

MUHAMMAD FIDHZARIYAN, Dr. Maharani Hapsari, MA

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Secara garis besar, skripsi ini membahas tentang dinamika politik ekologi yang melibatkan pertarungan kepentingan antara negara-negara penangkap paus dan aktor-aktor gerakan lingkungan yang terkait dalam regulasi penangkapan paus global. Negara-negara penangkap paus dan organisasi gerakan lingkungan seperti WWF dan Greenpeace konvensional pro terhadap International Whaling Commission (IWC) sebagai strukur politik internasional yang mengatur regulasi penangkapan paus. Sementara itu, Sea Shepherd mengambil posisi sebagai radikal yang menolak keberadaan IWC sekaligus menggunakan kekerasan dalam menghalau kapal-kapal penangkap paus di lautan lepas. Namun kemudian, radikalisme Sea Shepherd mengalami pergeseran hingga hanya menggunakan kekerasan secara pragmatis.

Commercial whaling has been officially banned by International Whaling Commission (IWC) since 1986. However, countries were still allowed to conduct whaling activities through scientific research mechanism. The policy triggered controversy among the environmental organizations such as Greenpeace, WWF, and Sea Shepherd who run campaigns to abolish whaling activities. Nevertheless, there are different stance between the environmental organizations toward the establishment of IWC and the campaigning methods to proliferate anti-whaling agenda. Greenpeace and WWF have supported the reformation process to increase the effectiveness of IWC in conserving the whale populations. As a conventional environmental organization, Greenpeace and WWF have adopted the principle of nonviolent and collaboration to campaign anti-whaling agenda. On the other hand, Sea Shepherd has rejected the legitimacy of IWC as a sole regulator of whaling activities. As a radical environmental organization, Sea Shepherd has utilized the innovative direct action strategy opposing the whaling nations.

Kata Kunci : whaling, politik ekologi, organisasi lingkungan, radikalisme gerakan sosial, Sea Shepherd