Comparative Study on the Role of Labor Division Between Husbands and Wives of Chili Cultivation in Panjatan DSubdistrict Kulon Progo

YUHAN FARAH MAULIDA, Subejo, SP. M.Sc., Ph.D.; Ir. Roso Witjaksono, M.S.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PENYULUHAN DAN KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN

Perempuan memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan pertanian dan berbagai aspek kehidupan, namun di beberapa tempat masih terjadi kesenjangan gender bagi perempuan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Panjatan, Kulon Progo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan pembagian peran antara suami dan istri pada budidaya cabai dan untuk menyelidiki kesenjangan gender antara suami dan istri melalui berbagai indikator. Metode deskriptif analisis dan studi kasus digunakan sebagai metode dasar karena penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sementara itu, pemilihan lokasi menggunakan metode purposif sehingga diperoleh tiga lokasi penelitian yaitu Garongan, Pleret dan Bugel. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling dan total responden tiap desa adalah sepuluh pasang suami istri. Untuk menganalisis, digunakan Uji Mann-Whitney. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa ada perbedaan antara suami dan istri pada peran produktif seperti pembukaan lahan, persiapan lahan, persiapan irigasi, pembuatan penahan angin, pembuatan bedengan, pemasangan mulsa, penanaman, pemupukan, penyiraman, penyiangan, pengendalian hama, pemanenan, pembelian sarana produksi, pengomposan, dan pemasaran. Sedangkan di peran reproduktif perbedaan terjadi pada kegiatan memasak, membersihkan rumah, mencuci baju, mencuci piring, menyetrika, memperbaiki perabotan, memberi motivasi, membesarkan anak, dan menemani anak bermain. Sedangkan di peran sosial kemasyarakatan, perbedaan terjadi pada aktivitas di kelompok tani, organisasi profesi, karang taruna, pasar lelang, PKK, ronda, kerja bakti dan organisasi keagamaan. Di peran managemen ekologi, perbedaan terjadi pada peran membuat biopori dan membersihkan sungai. Penelitian ini juga berkesimpulan bahwa terjadi kesenjangan gender secara formal namun sebaliknya tidak terjadi kesenjangan gender secara substansial. Untuk mengurangi kesenjangan gender ada empat strategi yang dapat dilakukan, yaitu melegalisasi aset keluarga secara proporsional, menguatkan institusi pedesaan dan membuatnya sensitif gender, membangun modal manusia para istri dan memunculkan kebijakan dan teknologi yang sensitif gander.

Women play a significant and crucial role in agricultural development and allied fields, but in many places there are still any gender gaps occured. This research was conducted in Panjatan District, Kulon Progo. The aims of the study are to compare about the role of labor division between husbands and wives of chili cultivation in Panjatan District and to study the gaps between husbands and wives in certain indicators. Descriptive analysis and case study methods were used as the basic method using qualitative and quantitative methods. Meanwhile, purposive sampling is used in location selection resulting three villages to be researched, Garongan, Pleret, and Bugel. Simple random sampling is used and the total respondents in each village are 10 couples of husband and wife. Mann-Whitney U-Test was used to analyze the comparison of role. This study concludes that there are significantly different between husbands and wives in productive roles such as land clearing, land preparing, preparing irrigation preparing, wind breaker making, beds making, plastic mulch installing, planting, fertilizing, watering, controlling weeds, controlling pests and diseases, harvesting, buying inputs, composting, and selling. On reproductive roles there are significantly different in cooking, house cleaning, laundry, dishwashing, ironing, fixing tools, motivating each other, bring up children and accompanying children to play. Meanwhile on socio-community roles, husbands and wives are different in farming groups, profession organization, youth association, auction market, family prosperity building, night watch, communal work and mosque organization. In ecological management roles, only making biopore and river cleaning are significantly different. This research also concludes that there are formal gender gaps and no substantial gender gaps in Panjatan District. Meanwhile, there are four strategies that can be narrowing the gender gaps, there are making family assets legalized proportionally, strengthening rural institution and make them gender aware, building human capital of wives and introducing gender-sensitive policy and technology.

Kata Kunci : Gender, Cabai, Peran, Produktif, Reproduktif, Sosial Kemasyarakatan, Manajemen Ekologi, Ketimpangan Gender, Kulon Progo, Gender, Chili, Role, Productive, Reproductive, Socio-community, Ecological Management, Gender Gaps