Evaluasi Karakter Kualitatif Cabai Hias Generasi F1 Hasil Persilangan Capsicum annuum silang Capsicum frutescens

ADI CAHYA KURNIAWAN, Dr. Ir. Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc ; Dr. Panjisakti Basunanda, S.P.,M.P.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

Beberapa jenis cabai dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman hias. Cabai hias secara morfologis sangat beragam dan dikagumi karena nilai keindahannya. Cabai hias tidak terbatas pada tanaman hias dalam pot. Keanekaragaman pada spesies Capsicum terdapat pada habitus tanaman, bentuk dan ukuran buah serta orientasinya. Keanekaragaman ini merupakan potensi yang sangat besar dalam pengembangan kultivar cabai hias baru. C. frutescens dan C. annuum berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai cabai hias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter kualitatif cabai hias generasi F1 hasil persilangan Capsicum annuum silang Capsicum frutescens seperti karakter habitus tanaman, orientasi bunga, warna mahkota bunga, orientasi buah, warna buah muda, dan bentuk buah. Dalam penelitian ini tanaman tetua yang digunakan adalah kultivar rawit lokal dari Karanganyar (A) (C. frutescens), 'Red Cherry Pepper' (RCP) (C. annuum), 'Bolivian Rainbow' (BR) (C. annuum), dan 'Fish Pepper' (FP) (C. annuum). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa persilangan A silang RCP, A silang BR, A silang FP dan resiproknya mempunyai habitus tanaman dan orientasi bunga tegak, bentuk buah segitiga. Persilangan A silang BR, A silang FP dan resiproknya mempunyai mahkota bunga putih tepi ungu, orientasi buah tegak, warna buah muda ungu, sedangkan hasil persilangan A silang RCP dan resiproknya mempunyai mahkota bunga putih, orientasi buah datar, warna buah muda hijau.

Several types of chilli pepper can be used as ornamental plant. Ornamental peppers are morphologically diverged and admired for their ornamental value. Ornamental peppers are not limited by potted plant category of ornamentals. Morphology diversity in Capsicum species including plant habitus, fruit shape, size, and orientation. These variations are of tremendous value in development of new ornamental pepper cultivars. C. frutescens and C. annuum potential to be developed as one example. This research aimed to evaluate qualitative characters on ornamental pepper derived from hybridization between Capsicum annuum cross Capsicum frutescens. Qualitative characteristics such as plant habitus, flower orientation, color of petals, fruit orientation, color of immature fruit, and fruit shape. This research uses several different genotypes namely chili pepper cultivars locally from Karanganyar (A) (C. frutescens), 'Red Cherry Pepper' (RCP) (C. annuum), 'Bolivian Rainbow' (BR) (C. annuum), 'Fish Pepper' (FP) (C. annuum). Result shown that A cross RCP, A cross BR, A cross FP and their reciprocal crossings have erect plant habitus and erect-orientated flower, in shape of triangles. Crossing A cross BR, A cross FP and their reciprocals have white petals with purple edge, erect-orientation of fruit, purple immature fruit color. Meanwhile, the result of crossing A cross RCP and its reciprocal have white petals, intermediate-orientation of fruit, with green immature fruit color.

Kata Kunci : cabai hias, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, karakter kualitatif