PREVALENSI, INTENSITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER EKTOPARASIT PADA KERAPU DI KARAMBA JARING APUNG TELUK PEGAMETAN KABUPATEN BULELENG

ARGA KURNIAWAN, Dr. Ir. Murwantoko, M. Si

2015 | Skripsi | S1 BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis ektoparasit yang menginfeksi kerapu di Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA), mengetahui tingkat prevalensi dan intensitas ektoparasit, dan mengidentifikasi ektoparasit secara molekuler. Sampling kerapu dilakukan selama 4 kali yaitu pada 20-26 Maret, 16-21 Juni, 19-23 Oktober, dan 7-10 Desember 2014 di KJA milik Sunardi dan KJA milik Michael-Paulus di Teluk Pegametan Kabupaten Buleleng. Sampel kerapu diambil secara random sebanyak 36 ekor setiap populasi kerapu macan, kerapu cantik, dan kerapu cantang. Sampel dari populasi kerapu karantina diambil sebanyak 10 ekor. Pengamatan dan identifikasi ektoparasit menggunakan preparat segar dengan mikroskop webcam secara morfologi. Sampel ektoparasit dikoleksi menggunakan etanol 70 % untuk identifikasi secara molekuler. Ekstraksi DNA menggunakan metode TNES, selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi gen 18S rRNA menggunakan primer umum monogenea dan primer spesifik jenis ektoparasit yang didesain dalam penelitian ini. PCR Product dikirim ke Perusahaan 1st Base Singapura untuk sequencing DNA. Contig sekuen DNA dibuat menggunakan program Bioedit. Penentuan spesies monogenea dilakukan dengan analisis BLAST dari website NCBI. Jenis ektoparasit yang menginfeksi kerapu macan, kerapu cantik, kerapu cantang, dan kerapu karantina di KJA milik Sunardi dan KJA Milik Michael-Paulus adalah Pseudorhabdosynochus sp., Haliotrema sp., Neobenedenia sp., dan Benedenia sp. Kisaran prevalensi dan intensitas Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. adalah sebesar 0-83,33 % (0-6,75 individu/ekor), Haliotrema sp. 0-27,78 % (0-14 individu/ekor), Neobenedenia sp. 0-44,44 % (0-4,17 individu/ekor), dan Benedenia sp. 0-38,89 % (0-11,3 individu/ekor). Hasil identifikasi molekuler dengan gen 18S rRNA mendapatkan ektoparasit yang menginfeksi adalah Pseudorhabdosynochus grouperi, Neobenedenia melleni, Benedenia epinepheli.

The aims of this study were to determine the types of ectoparasites that infected grouper in floating net cage (KJA), to determine the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites, and to identify ectoparasites using molecular approachment. Grouper samplings were done for 4 times on March 20 to 26, 16 to 21 June, October 19 to 23, and 7 to 10 December 2014 in Sunardi's KJA and Michael-Paulus's KJA in the Gulf Pegametan, Buleleng Regency. Tiger, cantik, and cantang groupers samples were taken randomly as 36 fishes from each population. For quarantine grouper population, sample was taken as 10 fishes. Observation and identification of ectoparasites was done using fresh preparation with a microscope webcam based on morphology. Ectoparasites samples were collected on etanol 70% for molecular identification. DNA was extracted using TNES method, then used for amplification of 18S rRNA gene used general primer for monogenea and specific primer for ectoparasite species which were designed in this research. PCR product was sent to 1st Base company in Singapore for DNA sequencing. Contiq of DNA sequence was constructed using Bioedit program. Ectoparasites spesies was determined with BLAST analysis through NCBI website. The ectoparasites which infected tiger, cantik, cantang, and quarantine groupers in Sunardi's KJA and Michael-Paulus's KJA were Pseudorhabdosynochus sp., Haliotrema sp., Neobenedenia sp., and Benedenia sp. The range of prevalence and intensity Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. (0-83,33 % and 0-6,75 Individu/fish), Haliotrema sp. (0-27,78 % and 0-14 individu/fish), Neobenedenia sp. (0-44,44 % and 0-4,17 individu/fish), and Benedenia sp. (0-38,89 % and 0-11,3 individu/tfish). The molecular identification showed that the species of ectoparasites were Pseudorhabdosynochus grouperi, Neobenedenia melleni, and Benedenia epinepheli.

Kata Kunci : Ektoparasit, intensitas , prevalensi, sequencing