PENGARUH LATIHAN KESEIMBANGAN METODE VLADIMIR JANDA TERHADAP RISIKO CEDERA OLAHRAGA BASKET PADA PELAJAR LAKI-LAKI SMP NEGERI 15 MEDAN

NONDANG PURNAMA SRG, dr. Nur Arfian, Ph.D.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang: World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan cedera anak dan remaja di bawah usia 18 tahun merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di masyarakat. Olahraga basket merupakan materi pembelajaran wajib di sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) melalui pelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Kejadian cedera pada olahraga basket memiliki peringkat ketiga setelah bola kaki dan bola tangan. Program latihan keseimbangan sebagai usaha pencegahan terjadinya cedera terbukti mengurangi postural sway, meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan meningkatkan strategi keseimbangan. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh program latihan keseimbangan Metode Vladimir Janda terhadap risiko cedera pada siswa laki-laki SMP Negeri 15 Medan. Metode. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan nonrandomized control group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa laki-laki usia 12-15 tahun yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler basket. Subjek terdiri dari 11 orang kontrol dan 11 orang perlakuan. Subjek kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan melakukan olahraga basket 2 kali seminggu selama 50 menit. Latihan keseimbangan metode Vladimir Janda dilakukan selama 5 minggu dan terdiri dari 5 Fase. Fase I-IV dilaksanakan 5 kali seminggu, sedangkan Fase V dilakukan 3 kali seminggu dan tiap sesi berdurasi 10 menit. Postural sway yang diukur dengan posturometer. Kekuatan otot diukur dengan back leg dynamometer. Loncatan tegakyang diukur dengan pita meter. Keluhan muskuloskeletal diukur dengan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Independent t-test. Hasil. Terdapat penurunan frekuensi postural sway kaki kanan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol (61%), peningkatan kekuatan otot ekstensor lutut (39,56%), kekuatan otot gluteus saat ekstensi (13,16%) dan saat fleksi (19,02%), kekuatan otot dorsi (37,91%) dan plantar fleksor pergelangan kaki (16,21%) yang berbeda bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05), tidak terdapat peningkatan loncatan tegak secara signifikan (p>0,05), keluhan muskuloskeletal mengalami penurunan tetapi tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,993). Kesimpulan.Latihan keseimbangan metode Vladimir Janda dapat menurunkan frekuensi postural sway kaki kanan dan meningkatkan kekuatan otot ekstensor lutut, otot gluteus saat ekstensi dan saat fleksi, kekuatan otot dorsi dan plantar fleksor pergelangan kaki. Kata kunci: Latihan keseimbangan metode Vladimir Janda, postural sway, kekuatan otot, loncatan tegak, keluhan muskuloskeletal

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) reported injuries in children and adolescents under the age of 18 years were a major health problem in the community. The incidence of injuries in the sport of basketball was ranked third after football and handball. Basketball is the learning materials required in junior high school through the physical education lesson. Balance training program as an effort to prevent the occurrence of the injury shown to reduce postural sway, increase muscle strength and improve balance strategy. Objectives. To assess the effect of Vladimir Janda balance training method against the risk of injury to the male students at SMP Negeri 15 Medan, Indonesia. Methods. Quasi-experimental study with nonrandomized control group pretest posttest design. The subjects were male students aged 12-15 years who follow basketball extracurricular. Each group consisted 11 male students. Subject exercise basketball 2 times a week for 50 minutes. Vladimir Janda balance training method performed for 5 weeks and consists of 5 phases. Phase I- IV carried out 5 times a week, while Phase V is done 3 times a week and each session lasted 10 minutes. Postural sway measured by posturometer. Muscle strength was measured with a back leg dynamometer. Vertical jump measured by tape meter. Musculoskeletal pain measured by Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires. The statistical test used was the Independent t-test. Results. There is a decrease in the frequency of postural sway of the right foot (61%) between exercise and control group. There are an increase in the strength of the knee extensor muscles (39,56%), the gluteus muscle strength when the extension (13,16%) and flexion (19,02%), muscle strength of dorsi (37,91%) and plantar flexor ankle (16,21%) and statisticly significant between (p<0.05) exercise and control group. There is no signifficant difference of vertical jump, musculoskeletal pain has decreased but not statistically significant (p=0.993). Conclusions. Vladimir Janda balance training method can reduce the frequency of postural sway of the right foot. This method increases the strength of the knee extensor muscles, the gluteus muscles when the extension and flexion, muscle strength of dorsi and plantar flexor ankle. Key words: Vladimir Janda balance training method, postural sway, muscle strength, vertical jump, musculoskeletal pain

Kata Kunci : Latihan keseimbangan metode Vladimir Janda, postural sway, kekuatan otot, loncatan tegak, keluhan muskuloskeletal; Vladimir Janda balance training method, postural sway, muscle strength, vertical jump, musculoskeletal pain