PENGARUH KEFIR KOMBINASI SUSU KAMBING DAN SUSU KEDELAI TERHADAP KADAR ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT (AGE) DAN EKSPRESI GEN RECEPTOR AGE (RAGE) GINJAL PADA TIKUS WISTARMODEL DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

MUSYARRAFAH, Dr. Sunarti, M.Kes.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang. Hiperglikemia pada DM Tipe 2 menyebabkan peningkatan glikasi protein yang memicu pembentukan advanced glycation end-product (AGE). AGE yang terbentuk pada kondisi diabetes meningkatkan ekspresi gen RAGE di beberapa organ termasuk ginjal yang terlibat dalam komplikasi diabetes. Kefir susu kambing dan susu kedelai memiliki efek antihiperglikemia dan antioksidan dan diharapkan dapat menurunkan kadar AGE plasma dan menekan over expression gen RAGE ginjal pada tikus model DM Tipe 2. Tujuan Penelitian. Mengevaluasi pengaruh kefir kombinasi susu kambing dan susu kedelai terhadap kadar AGE dan ekspresi gen RAGE di ginjal tikus Wistar model DM Tipe 2. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain jenis eksperimental kuasi dengan rancangan posttest only control group. Dua puluh lima ekor tikus Wistar jantan model DM Tipe 2 diinduksi STZ 60 mg/kgBB dan NA 120 mg/kgBB. Lima kelompok tikus terdiri dari (1) kelompok tikus kontrol normal, (2) kelompok tikus kontrol DM, (3) kelompok tikus DM dengan kefir susu kambing, (4) kelompok tikus DM dengan kefir kombinasi susu kambing dan susu kedelai, (5) kelompok tikus DM dengan kefir susu kedelai. Kefir diberikan selama 28 hari. Glukosa darah diperiksa dengan metode glucose oxidase p-aminophenazone (GOD-PAP). Kadar AGE diukur dengan metode Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ekspresi gen RAGE diperiksa dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil. Kelompok kefir kombinasi susu kambing dan susu kedelai dan kefir susu kedelai saja memiliki kadar AGE plasma lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tikus kontrol DM (p<0,05) dan kadarnya mendekati tikus kontrol normal. Kelompok tikus DM yang diberi kefir kombinasi susu kambing dan susu kedelai memiliki ekspresi gen RAGE paling rendah dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Pemberian kefir kombinasi susu kambing dan susu kedelai dengan dapat menurunkan kadar AGE plasma dan ekspresi gen RAGE di ginjal tikus Wistar model DM Tipe 2. Kata Kunci: Kefir Susu Kambing, Kefir Susu Kedelai, AGE, gen RAGE, DM Tipe 2

Background. Hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes increases glycation of protein and triggers the formation of advanced glycation end-product (AGE). AGE stimulates the expression of RAGE gene in several organs, including the kidneys, that is responsible for diabetic complications. Goat milk kefir and soybean milk kefir have anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects and is expected to decrease the plasma AGE level and suppress over expression of renal RAGE gene in models of type 2 diabetic rats. Objective. To evaluate the effect of goat milk-soybean milk combination kefir on plasma AGE level and expression of RAGE gene in renal of type 2 diabetic rats. Method. This study used quasi experimental with post test only control group design. Twenty five male type 2 diabetic Wistar rats were induced by streptozotocin of 60 mg/kg and nicotinamide of 120 mg/kg. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) normal control rats group, (2) diabetic control rats groups, (3) diabetic rats receive goat milk kefir, (4) diabetic rats receive goat milk-soybean combine kefir, and (5) diabetic rats receive soybean milk kefir. Kefir was given for 28 days. Blood glucose levels were analyzed using glucose oxidase p-aminophenazone (GOD-PAP) method. Plasma AGE levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Expression of RAGE genes were estimated using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data analysis was performed with One way ANOVA/Post Hoc test with significance level of 0.05 Result. The rats which treated with goat milk-soybean milk combination kefir and soybean milk kefir were significantly reduced plasma AGE level than in diabetic rats (p<0.05) and almost similar with normal control rats group. Treated-diabetic rats with goat milk-soybean milk combination kefir have lowest RAGE gene expression than other groups. However, there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. The treatment of goat milk-soybean milk combination kefir reduced plasma AGE level and inhibited RAGE gene expression in renal of type 2 diabetic rats. Keyword: Goat milk kefir, Soybean milk kefir, AGE, RAGE gene, Type 2 Diabetic

Kata Kunci : Kefir Susu Kambing, Kefir Susu Kedelai, AGE, gen RAGE, DM Tipe 2; Goat milk kefir, Soybean milk kefir, AGE, RAGE gene, Type 2 Diabetic