EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN JENIS TANAMAN DARI FAMILI DIPTEROCAPACEAE PADA POLA WANATANI KARET RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BUNGO, PROVINSI JAMBI

SYABANA ARIF NUGRAHA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Suryo Hardiwinoto, M.Agr.Sc.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 BUDIDAYA HUTAN

Pola pertanaman campur dengan karet sebagai tanaman utama dan jenis tanaman lain sebagai tanaman pengisi, yang disebut Wanatani Karet, memiliki komposisi jenis menyerupai hutan sekunder, sifat hidro-orologi yang baik, mencegah erosi dan menjaga keragaman hayati. Pada tahun 2006, di Desa Lembah Kuamang, Jambi, mulai diterapkan Wanatani karet dengan jenis tanaman dari Famili Dipterocarpaceae. Namun keberadaan rawa di sekitar perkebunan dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk (1) mengevaluasi pertumbuhan tiap jenis tanaman dari Famili Dipterocarpaceae di areal dekat rawa dan jauh dari rawa, dan (2) mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan tanaman dari Famili Dipterocarpaceae pada kedua areal tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Karet Rakyat Desa Lembah Kuamang, Kecamatan Pelepat Ilir, Kabupaten Bungo, Provinsi Jambi. Dua variasi tempat tumbuh yang diamati yaitu areal dekat dengan rawa (20 m) dan jauh dari rawa (50 m). Metode survey digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan tanaman dari Famili Dipterocarpaceae. Evaluasi pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan membuat tujuh plot berukuran 40 m x 40 m pada masing-masing tempat tumbuh. Pertumbuhan jenis tanaman dari Famili Dipterocarpaceae diamati dengan variabel tinggi dan diameter. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji T. Di daerah dekat rawa, Shorea platycados memiliki rata-rata pertumbuhan tinggi tertinggi, sedangkan yang terendah S. pinanga. Pertambahan tinggi tertinggi dijumpai pada Hopea odorata (1,68 m/6 bulan), dan yang terendah S. dasyphylla dan S. acuminata (1,30 m/6 bulan). Di daerah jauh dari rawa, S. acuminata memiliki rata-rata tinggi tertinggi. Pertambahan tinggi tertinggi dijumpai pada S. platyclados (1,82 m/6 bulan) dan yang terendah S. macrophylla (0,71 m/6 bulan). Diameter terbesar di daerah dekat rawa adalah S. parvifolia sedangkan H. odorata paling kecil. Pertambahan diameter terbesar dijumpai pada S. pinanga (0,69 cm/6 bulan), dan yang terkecil H. odorata (0,40 cm/6 bulan). Di daerah jauh dari rawa, rata-rata diameter terbesar dijumpai pada S. platycados, dan yang terkecil H. odorata. Pertambahan riap diameter terbesar dijumpai pada S. platyclados (0,82 cm/6 bulan), dan yang terkecil H. odorata (0,35 cm/6 bulan). Rata-rata diameter tanaman berumur 6 tahun antara kedua tapak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata; yang tumbuh di daerah dekat rawa berdiameter lebih besar (9,61 cm) dibanding jauh dari rawa (9,02 cm). Rata-rata tinggi tanaman di daerah jauh dari rawa (14,12 m) hampir sama dengan dekat rawa (14,48 m)

The planting mixture model with rubber as the main crop, called Wanatani karet, were performing vegetation composition as similar to secondary forests, well hydro-orologic function, preventing soil erosion and maintaining biodiversity. In 2006, Wanatani karet with mixture of rubber and dipterocarps has begun in Lembah Kuamang village, Jambi as the efforts of land optimization. However, the occurence of swamps around the plantation and nearby could brought negative effects for the plant growth. This research conducted to (1) evaluate the growth of each species of dipterocarps planted between two different sites that were near and far from the swamp, and (2) estimate the growth of dipterocarps in the two different sites. Research was done in Wanatani karet in Lembah Kuamang village, Pelepat Ilir, Bungo, Jambi District. Two of variation on site observed were near the swamp (20 m) and far from the swamp (50 m). Survey method was conducted to evaluate the growth of each species of dipterocarps. Growth evaluation was made on rubber-dipterocarps mixture plantation by establishing 40 m x 40 m plots; seven plots in each site. Growth parameters measured were height and diameter, and data were then analyzed by T-test. Near swamp, Shorea platycados performed highest height, while S. pinanga was the lowest. Highest growth increment on height was found on Hopea odorata (1,68 m/6 months), while S. dasyphylla and S. acuminata was the lowest (1,30 cm/6 months). Site far from swamp was having Shorea acuminata as the highest trees. Highest growth increment on height was found on S. platyclados (1,82 m/6 months) while S. macrophylla was the lowest (0,71 m/6 months). Near the swamp, S. parvifolia was performing the bigger diameter while H. odorata was the smallest. Biggest growth increment on diameter was found on S. pinanga (0,69 cm/6 months), while H. odorata and Parashorea lucida were the smallest (0,40 cm/6 months). Site far from swamp was having S. platycados as the tree with biggest diameter, while H. odorata was the smallest. Biggest growth increment on diameter was found on S. platyclados (0,82 cm/6 months), while the smallest was H. odorata (0,35 cm/6 months). Six-years old dipterocarps were showing differences on diameter between sites; those planted near swamp were bigger (9,61 cm) compared to those far from swamp (9,02 cm). Dipterocarps performed similar height at both sites (14,12 m in the area far from swamp and 14,48 m near swamp).

Kata Kunci : Dipterocarpaceae, Wanatani Karet, pertumbuhan, rawa, Jambi